Change viewing parameters
Select another database

Lezghian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Lezghian: *ʔoχʷa
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: 1 to drink 2 to gulp down 3 swill, mash
Lezghian: χʷa-l 3
Tabasaran: uχ- 1
Agul: uχ- 1
Archi: χ:u-bus 2
Comment: The Arch. form is somewhat irregular (due to the expressive semantics?): we should not expect here the loss of initial vowel and the intensive χ:.

    See Лексика 1971, 261.

lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-arc,lezget-comment,

Search within this database


North Caucasian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-North Caucasian: *=VqV
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: to suck
Proto-Nakh: *=aq-
Proto-Avaro-Andian: *=[i]q- / *qV-
Proto-Tsezian: *=aχ- (~-ʁ:-,-ɔ-)
Proto-Lak: t:-iqi-
Proto-Dargwa: *=elq- / *=uq-
Proto-Lezghian: *ʔoχʷa
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. The consonant *-q- gives more or less regular reflexes (with some variation in Aand.); however, the root vowel is quite impossible to reconstruct. This is due to the expressive nature of the root and, perhaps, to a partial contamination with PEC *ʔuq_wV q.v.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,

Search within this database


Nakh etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Nakh: *=aq-
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: to suck (breast)
Chechen: =aq-
Ingush: =aq-
Batsbi: =aq-
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,

Search within this database


Avar-Andian etymology :

Search within this database
Protoform: *=[i]q- / *qV-
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: 1 to suck 2 to drink 3 to gulp
Avar: χú- 3, χáχ- 1
Chadakolob: ħáħ- 1; χu- 2
Akhvakh: =aq- 1
Chamalal: χed- 2
Tindi: χa- 3
Karata: k-eχ- 1
Botlikh: χ:u-d- 2
Comments: Cf. also Akhv. Tl. -aχ-, Ratl. -aq-.

    The reconstruction is not secure - obviously because of the expressive nature of the root. It occurs either in a simple form (stem 1: *-Vq-, stem 2: *qV-), reduplicated (Av. χaχ-) or with a suffixed *-d- (Cham., Tind., Botl.). Av. and Botl. have irregular consonants (in Av. - χ instead of h /Gudava 147 writes: χ:u-j-ze ?/; in Botl. χ: instead of χ; cf. also Cham. Gig. χ:u-d- ).

aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-btl,aandet-comment,

Search within this database


Tsezian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Tsezian: *-aχ- (~-ʁ:-,-ɔ-)
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: to suck (udder)
Bezhta: χ-aʁ-
Comments: Cf. also Bezht. Tlad. h-ãʁ- id. (with unclear nasalization).
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-bzt,cezet-comment,

Search within this database


Lak etymology :

Search within this database
Lak root: t:-iqi-
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: to suck
Lak form: t:-iqi-n
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,

Search within this database


Dargwa etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Dargwa: *=elq- / *=uq-
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: to suck (breast)
Akusha: =erq-es
Chiragh: =elq-/=uq-
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-chr,

Search within this database


Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ʔúqwV
Meaning: to drink, suck
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
North Caucasian: *ʔuq_wV (~-ō-)
Sino-Tibetan: *Ku 'water, spill' (if separate from *χĭw 'moisture')
Yenisseian: *-V(ʔ)KV-
Comments and references : In PNC cf. also *=VqV 'suck'. NSC 55 *-qV.
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-notes,

Search within this database


Yenisseian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Yenisseian: *ʔVKV-
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: to drink
Arin: t́āgur (М., Сл., Кл., Срсл.) 'to drink', (Лоск.) tagorarco 'питание' (probably instead of 'питье')
Pumpokol: hokoj (Сл., Срсл., Кл.) 'пить'
Comments: ССЕ 203. The comparison is possible if Arin t́- (t-) is a prefixed morpheme. Werner (1, 322) doubts the comparison without giving any reasons.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ari,yenet-pum,yenet-notes,

Search within this database


Long-range etymologies :

Search within this database
Borean (approx.) : HVKV
Meaning : water
Eurasiatic : *ʕEḳu
Afroasiatic : *ʕḳ(w) 'water' (Cush. + Ar. ʕqq)
Sino-Caucasian : *ʔúqwV
Amerind (misc.) : *aq̇ʷa 'water' (R 821) [+ A K]
Reference : ND 123; GE 13 *aq̇wa (+ Khois., NS, IP, Austral.)
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-amer,globet-reference,

Search within this database


Nostratic etymology :

Search within this database
Eurasiatic: *ʕEḳu
Meaning: water
Borean: Borean
Indo-European: *akʷ-
Altaic: *i̯ák`a ( ~ -k-); *uk`u ( ~ -k-) 'wet, wash'
Uralic: *joke (cf. also *juka)?
Dravidian: SDR *āk 'swamp' [305]; *uk- 'spill, pour'
Eskimo-Aleut: uq-ƛǝɣ-nǝʁ 'a drop'
References: МССНЯ 334, 347, ОСНЯ 1, 275-276; ND 123 *ʡaḲu (IE, Turc). [two roots]
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-esk,nostret-reference,

Search within this database


Indo-European etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-IE: *akʷ- <PIH *a->
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Meaning: water (flowing)
Hittite: ? akukal(la?)- or akutal(la?)- 'Waschbecken' (Tischler 11-12)
Germanic: *a(g)w-ṓ f., *áxw-ō f.; *ō(g)w-já- m.; *a(g)w-jṓ f.
Latin: aqua f. `Wasser, Wasserleitung'
Russ. meaning: вода (проточная)
References: WP I 34 f, Buck 29, 35, 42.
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,

Search within this database


Germanic etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Germanic: *a(g)wṓ; *áxwō; *ō(g)wjá-z; *a(g)wjṓ
Meaning: river, waters
IE etymology: IE etymology
Gothic: ahʷa f. (ō) `river, waters'
Old Norse: ō f. Name eines Gehöftes, ON; ā f. `Fluss'; ǟgir `Meer, Gott des Meeres'; ey, gen. eyjar f. `Insel'
Old Swedish: ā `Fluss'; (run.) auiu `Insel'
Swedish: ö `Insel'
Old Danish: ā `Fluss'
Danish: ɔ `Fluss'; ö `Insel'
Old English: ēa (ǟ) f. `running water, a stream, river, water'; ǟg-weard `sea-ward, sea-guard or guardianship'; eagor `Meer, Flut'; ēg, -e f. `water, sea', īg, -e f. `Insel'
Old Frisian: ā, ē `Flus'
Old Saxon: aha `Fluss'; oi-land `Insel'
Middle Dutch: ei-land `Insel'
Dutch: a, aa f., m. naam voor kleine riviertjes en beekjes
Middle Low German: ō, ōge, ōch, ouwe, ou `Waaser(lauf), Insel (im Fluss), feuchtes Wiesenland' , LFrank ei-land; oog `Insel'
Old High German: aha f. `Fluss'; ouwa (10.Jh.), -awa `Wasser, Strom'; `Halbinsel im Flusse, wesserriches Wieseland'
Middle High German: ahe st. f. 'fluss, wasser'; ouwe, owe st. f. 'wasser, strom; von wasser umflossenes land, insel od. halbinsel'
German: { Ache }; Aue, Au f.
Comments: Far ǟgi `Meer'
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-onord,germet-oswed,germet-swed,germet-odan,germet-dan,germet-oengl,germet-ofris,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,germet-notes,

Search within this database


Altaic etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Altaic: *i̯àk`ì ( ~ -k-)
Nostratic: Nostratic
Meaning: liquid, flow
Russian meaning: жидкость, течь
Turkic: *iak-
Tungus-Manchu: *iaKu
Japanese: *ìkà-i
Comments: Мудрак Дисс. 196.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-tung,altet-jap,altet-reference,

Search within this database


Turkic etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Turkic: *iak-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: to flow
Russian meaning: течь
Old Turkic: aq- (OUygh.)
Karakhanid: aq- (MK)
Turkish: ak-
Tatar: aq-
Middle Turkic: aq- (Pav. C.)
Uzbek: ɔq-
Uighur: aq-
Sary-Yughur: aq-
Azerbaidzhan: ax-
Turkmen: aq-
Khakassian: ax-
Oyrat: aq-
Chuvash: jox-
Tuva: aq-
Kirghiz: aq-
Kazakh: aq-
Noghai: aq-
Bashkir: aq-
Balkar: aq-
Gagauz: aq-
Karaim: aq-
Karakalpak: aq-
Kumyk: aq-
Comments: EDT 77, VEWT 12, ЭСТЯ 1, 118-120, Егоров 352, Федотов 2, 495.
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-alt,turcet-chv,turcet-tuv,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,

Search within this database


Tungus etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *iaKu
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 swamp, ditch 2 brook
Russian meaning: 1 болото, лужа, канава 2 ручей
Evenki: jaku 1, jakta 2
Spoken Manchu: johǝrǝn, johurun 1 (2084)
Literary Manchu: jōχon 1
Nanai: jaqčịra 2
Udighe: jakpa` 2 (Корм. 240)
Comments: ТМС 1, 339.
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-sib,tunget-man,tunget-nan,tunget-ude,tunget-reference,

Search within this database


Japanese etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Japanese: *ìkà-i
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: pond
Russian meaning: пруд
Old Japanese: ike
Middle Japanese: ìkè
Tokyo: iké
Kyoto: ìkè
Kagoshima: ìké
Comments: JLTT 422.
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,

Search within this database


Uralic etymology :

Search within this database
Number: 188
Proto: *joke
> Nostratic: > Nostratic
English meaning: river
German meaning: Fluss
Finnish: joki (gen. joen) 'Fluß, Strom'
Estonian: jõgi (gen. jõe) 'Fluß, Bach'
Saam (Lapp): jǫkkâ -g- (N) 'river', jåhkå 'größerer Bach od. kleinerer Fluß', jokk (T), jōkk (Kld.), johk (Not.) 'größerer Bach, Fluß'
Mordovian: jov (E) 'der Fluß Mokscha' ?
Mari (Cheremis): joɣǝ̑-wǝt (KB) 'fließendes Wasser, Fluß', joɣǝ̑n-wüt (B) 'fließendes Wasser', joɣe- (KB U) 'fließen, rinnen' ?
Udmurt (Votyak): ju-šur (G) 'Fluß'
Komi (Zyrian): ju (S PO)
Khanty (Ostyak): pǫt-jŏχ (Kaz.) 'ein Fluß', -jaɣ (Vʔ.), jaχ- (DN) (in comp.) 'kleinerer Fluß', jɔɣǝṇ (V), jăɣoǝṇ (Trj.), jŏχan (O) 'kleiner Fluß', ji̮ɣi̮ (Vj.), jeχǝ (DN), jĭχĭ (Kaz.' 'kleiner Fluß'
Mansi (Vogul): jē (TJ), jā (KU So.), jē̮, jē (KO) 'Fluß'
Hungarian: jó (in geogr. names)
Nenets (Yurak): jaχā (ō) 'Fluß'
Enets (Yen): d́aha (Ch.)
Selkup: kî (Ta. Ke. N), kī̮kä (Tüʁ.) 'Fluß', čaqi̮ (Ta.) 'Sumpf, kleiner See'
Kamass: ćaɣa 'Fluß, Strom, Bach'
Janhunen's version: (15) *juka
Sammalahti's version: *juka
Addenda: Mot. čaga 'Fluß'; Taig. ча́га
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-saa,uralet-mrd,uralet-mar,uralet-udm,uralet-kom,uralet-khn,uralet-man,uralet-ugr,uralet-nen,uralet-enc,uralet-slk,uralet-kam,uralet-janh,uralet-samm2,uralet-add,

Search within this database


Dravidian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Dravidian : *ug-
Meaning : to shed (hair)
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Proto-South Dravidian: *ug-, *ug-c-
Proto-Telugu : *ūc-
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,

Search within this database


South Dravidian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-South Dravidian : *ug-, *ug-c-
Meaning : to shed, spill
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Tamil : uku (ukuv-, ukk-)
Tamil meaning : to be shed as feathers or hair, be spilled, gush forth, fall down, die, set
Tamil derivates : (-pp-, -tt-) to let fall, spill, scatter, cast, shed as leaves or feathers, shed (tear), pour out; ukuvu spilling
Malayalam : ūkka
Malayalam meaning : to spill, shed
Kannada : ugu (okk-)
Kannada meaning : to become loose, burst forth, flow, run, trickle, be shed or spilt; let loose, etc.; vomit
Kannada derivates : ugisu to spill, shed, etc.; ogu, ogisu = ugu, ugisu
Tulu : guppuni
Tulu meaning : to pour, shed, spill
Tulu derivates : (B-K.) ugipu id.
Proto-Nilgiri : *ug-/*ūc-
Miscellaneous : KOR (T) ogi to pour
Number in DED : 0562
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-kt,sdret-misc,sdret-dednum,

Search within this database


Nilgiri etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Nilgiri : *ug-/*ūc-
Meaning : to split, leak
South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology
Kota : ūc- (ūc-) "to be spilt; spill (tr.), pour (water, grain), pour off (water from grain)"
Toda : ūc- (ūč-) "to throw away (dirty water)"
Additional forms : Also Toda ux- (uk-) to leak, dribble; uf- (ufɵ-) to fall down (of flowers or fruit); (uft-) to shake off (water from head, dust, mud), empty (bag of grain), throw (spear), shout (words of song, nöw)
Number in DED : 562
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-addition,ktet-dednum,

Search within this database


Telugu etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Telugu : *ūc-
Meaning : to fall off as hair from sickness
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Telugu : ūcu
Additional forms : Also ? guppu to throw, fling, sprinkle (as something contained in the closed hand), discharge (as an arrow)
Number in DED : 562
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-addition,telet-dednum,

Search within this database

Select another database
Change viewing parameters
Total pages generatedPages generated by this script
1585354620680
Help
StarLing database serverPowered byCGI scripts
Copyright 1998-2003 by S. StarostinCopyright 1998-2003 by G. Bronnikov
Copyright 2005-2014 by Phil Krylov