Change viewing parameters
Select another database
Chinese characters :
Search within this database
Character: 誰
Modern (Beijing) reading: shuí
Preclassic Old Chinese: duj
Classic Old Chinese: dwǝj
Western Han Chinese: dwǝj
Eastern Han Chinese: ʒ́wǝj
Early Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́wij
Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́wij
Late Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́wi
Middle Chinese: ʒ́wi
English meaning : who
Russian meaning[s]: 1) кто?; чей?; с отрицанием никто; ничей; 2) кто-либо, кто-угодно; всякий
Comments: For OC *d- cf. Min forms: Xiamen cui2, Fuzhou sui2.
Radical: 149
Four-angle index: 860
Karlgren code: 0575 u
Jianchuan Bai: -to7
Shijing occurrences: 15.3, 17.2, 17.3, 35.2, 38.4, 48.1, 48.2, 48.3, 54.4
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-jianchuan,bigchina-shijing,
Search within this database
Sino-Tibetan etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *tŭ-
Meaning: who, interrogative pronoun
Tibetan: du how many.
Burmese: ǝti which.
Kachin: gǝde2, mǝde4 how many?.
Lushai: tu who? whose?.
Lepcha: to pron. rel. interr. who, which, what
Comments: Cf. Kulung da:lɔi 'when', da:nai 'how', deppɔi 'how many'.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-lush,stibet-lepcha,stibet-comments,
Search within this database
Chinese Dialects :
Search within this database
Number: 2073
Character: 誰
MC description : 止合三平脂襌
ZIHUI: 6142 1207
Beijing: ṣuei 12; ṣei 12
Jinan: ṣei 12; ṣuei 12 (lit.)
Xi'an: fei 12
Taiyuan: suei 1
Hankou: suei 12
Chengdu: suei 12
Yangzhou: suǝi 12
Suzhou: ze_ 12
Wenzhou: zi_ 12
Changsha: śyei 12
Shuangfeng: ɣui 12
Nanchang: sui 31
Meixian: sui 12
Guangzhou: šö_y 12
Xiamen: sui 12 (lit.); cui 32
Chaozhou: sui 12
Fuzhou: suei 12
Shanghai: zö 32
Zhongyuan yinyun: šuei 12
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
Search within this database
Sino-Caucasian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ʡǟdV
Meaning: interrog. stem
Comments and references : Cf. also ND *da- 'what, who'.
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-notes,
Search within this database
North Caucasian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-North Caucasian: *ʡǟdV
Meaning: thing; interrogative pronoun
Proto-West Caucasian: *t:V Notes: Cf. also HU: Hurr. edǝ 'body, thing', Ur. edi- 'thing' (see Diakonoff-Starostin 1986, 26). It is not quite clear which meaning is original - 'thing' or 'what', because both are rather widely reflected. We should also mention a quite isolated form: Lak. ta 'when', which has an irregular devoiced t-, but possibly reflects the same EC root.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-khin,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
Search within this database
Avar-Andian etymology :
Search within this database
Protoform: *[h]idV
Meaning: 1 thing 2 what (interrog. pronoun)
Chamalal: ed 2
Tindi: eja 1, e-la 2
Karata: hede-la 1,hed 2
Comments: Cf. also a tabooistic use in Tind. eja 'penis'. The semantic correlation 'thing' - 'what' (interrog. pronoun) is also observed elsewhere, cf. e.g. PN *fu-(n) 'what' - *fu-ma 'thing' etc. Other Andian languages reflect a similar stem: PA *dan(HV) 'thing' - which may be actually a later contraction < *Hida-nV (with a frequent nasal suffix). Cf. And. dan, Cham. dā̃, Kar. Tok. da (plur. dan-dibi), God. dãji 'thing'.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-comment,
Search within this database
Tsezian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Tsezian: *hɔdV (~ ħ-, -a-)
Meaning: instrument, tool
Bezhta: hada
Comments: Since this root is used in Andian languages both to denote 'thing' and the interrogative pronoun 'what', it seems quite probable that it was also used by the Tsez. language (in a reduplicated shape) for some of its interrogative pronouns: Tsez. didiju 'which', didu-r 'how'.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-bzt,cezet-comment,
Search within this database
Khinalug etymology :
Search within this database
Khinalug root: de-l
North Caucasian etymology: 2297
Meaning: where
Khinalug form: de-l
Comments: Кибрик-Кодзасов-Оловянникова 1972 have a notation t:e-l (one wonders whether the form tä-killi 'from where' is not a misspelling for *dä-killi).
khinet-prnum,khinet-meaning,khinet-khi,khinet-comment,
Search within this database
Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-West-Caucasian: *t:V
Meaning: an interrogative stem
Abkhaz: -da
Abaza: -da
Adyghe: tā-r
Kabardian: da-r
Ubykh: da-, dʁa-
Comments: PAT *-da (an interrogative suffix meaning 'who' in verbal forms); PAK *t:a- - an interrogative stem, used in several pronouns (Ad. ta-da, tǝ-da 'where', tā-r 'which', Kab. da-na 'where', da-pśa 'how much', dar 'which'); Ub. da-, dʁa- - an interrogative prefix ('how', 'in which way').
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-abk,abadet-aba,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-ubk,abadet-comment,
Search within this database
Long-range etymologies :
Search within this database
Borean (approx.) : HVTV
Meaning : thing; interrog. stem
Austric : MY *tV 'who'
Amerind (misc.) : *ta 'interrogative' (R 394) [+ A K] African (misc.) : Cf. Macro-Khoisan *TV "interr. stem". globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-scc,globet-austr,globet-amer,globet-afr,
Search within this database
Nostratic etymology :
Search within this database
Eurasiatic: *HVdV
Meaning: thing
References: Suggested by V. Glumov.
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-reference,
Search within this database
Altaic etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Altaic: *ĕda
Meaning: thing, goods
Russian meaning: вещь, добро
Comments: A Western isogloss.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-reference,
Search within this database
Turkic etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Turkic: *ed, *ed-gü
Meaning: 1 thing, goods 2 good, excellent 3 good action, benefit
Russian meaning: 1 вещь, добро, имущество 2 хороший, отличный 3 благодеяние
Old Turkic: ed 1 (OUygh.), edgü 2
Karakhanid: eδ 1, eδgü 2 (MK, KB) Turkish: iji 2
Tatar: ige, ijge
Turkmen: ejgi-lik 3
Yakut: ütüö 2
Dolgan: ötüö 2
Tuva: eki 2
Tofalar: e'kki 2
Kirghiz: ijgi-lig 3
Noghai: ijgi 1
Balkar: igi,izgi 1
Salar: ī 1
Comments: ЭСТЯ 1, 245-247, 248-249, 329-330, VEWT 35-36, EDT 33, 51, Stachowski 201. PT *ed-gü is derived from PT *ed 'thing, goods' (Лексика 326) ( > Mong. ed, MMong. (SH etc.) ed, see Щербак 1997, 113). Mong. edege- 'to feel better, recover' (Dag. edge-) is also possibly < Turkic. turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-trm,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-nogx,turcet-blkx,turcet-sal,turcet-reference,
Search within this database
Mongolian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Mongolian: *aǯi- / *ada-
Meaning: 1 household 2 work
Russian meaning: 1 домашнее хозяйство 2 работа
Written Mongolian: aǯi 1, aǯil (L 61) 2 Khalkha: aǯ 1, aǯil 2
Buriat: ažal, adal 2
Kalmuck: aǯǝl 2
Ordos: aǯi 2
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dag,monget-reference,
Search within this database
Tungus etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *idegē (/*e-)
Meaning: thing
Russian meaning: вещь
Evenki: ideɣē
Nanai: idē̃ 'reason' (Он.) Comments: Cf. also Il. egdekē 'clothes'. ТМС 1, 298. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-nan,tunget-reference,
Search within this database
Uralic etymology :
Search within this database
Number: 34
Proto: *atV
English meaning: thing
German meaning: Sache, Ding
Finnish: asia 'Sache' ( > Saam. aš'še -šš- 'cause, reason; guilt')
Estonian: asi (gen. asja) 'Sache, Ding, Gegenstand, irgend etwas' (?)
Saam (Lapp): āttâ -đ- 'thing, thingamy', āttâ- -đ- 'do smth. indefinite' (N), āhta 'unbedeutende Sachen' (L)
Khanty (Ostyak): ot (V), ăt (DN), ȧ̆t (O) 'Sache, Ding', ot- (Vj.), ŏt- (Kaz.), ȧ̆t- (O) 'aufrichten, ausbessern, wiederherstellen'
Mansi (Vogul): ut (LO) 'Sache, Ding, Wesen', (N) 'Dings, etwas, was' (?)
Hungarian: izé (dial. izej, izeje, izély) 'Ding, Dings, Dings da'
K. Redei's notes: *i6t3
Addenda: ? Sk tak
K. Reshetnikov's notes: A quite strange case - vowel correspondences are absolutely irregular. The Mansi forms may be borrowed from Khanty. Hun. i- < *ɨ- (which could partly clarify the picture): doubtful because of the palatal vowel in the second syllable (iz-é, not **iz-a). The Lapp. form rather points to *ätV.
References: FUV; SKES; DEWO 207; Coll.CompGr 411; SzófSz.; MSzFgrE; TESz; Хелимский МКФУ-6 Тез.; Koivulehto über Fi \asia: Vir. 1982: 264.
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-saa,uralet-khn,uralet-man,uralet-ugr,uralet-redei,uralet-add,uralet-reshet,uralet-lit,
Search within this database
Select another database
Change viewing parameters
Total pages generated | Pages generated by this script | 129718 | 4433671 |
| Help
|
StarLing database server | Powered by | CGI scripts | Copyright 1998-2003 by S. Starostin | | Copyright 1998-2003 by G. Bronnikov Copyright 2005-2014 by Phil Krylov |
|