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Gondi etymology :
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Proto-Gondi : *kili-
Meaning : to weep, cry
Betul Gondi : kilītānā "to weep loudly"
Mandla Gondi (Williamson) : killītānā "to chirp, cry out"
Mandla Gondi (Phailbus) : kilītānā "to cry out, scream"
Muria Gondi : kil-/kill- "to weep, (owl) to hoot, (animals) to cry"
Maria Gondi : kil(i)- "to scream, (child) to cry"
Maria Gondi (Mitchell) : kilānā "to weep"
Adilabad Gondi : kiliyānā "to shout"
Chanda Gondi : kīlitānā "to roar (as a tiger)"
Additional forms : Also Gondi_Mu caus. kilh-/kilih-
Number in DED : 1574
Number in CVOTGD : 695
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_tr,gonet-gondi_w,gonet-gondi_ph,gonet-gondi_mu,gonet-gondi_ma,gonet-gondi_m,gonet-gondi_a,gonet-gondi_chd,gonet-addition,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kil-i-
Meaning : to cry
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,gndet-kui,
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Kui-Kuwi etymology :
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Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *kil-eṛi
Meaning : to shout
Kui : klīri inba "to shriek"
Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : kileri-kīali "to shout, yell"
Kuwi (Schulze) : kileḍi kīnai
Additional forms : Also Kui klīri klīri ṛīva to shriek with fear; klīsi klīsi ṛīva to shout with vehemence; Kuwi_S klīrinai, klīri innai to yell
Notes : The form common for both languages is *kileṛi (although we have simple -r- in Kui. maybe it is misspelled, maybe due to vocalic context); in Kui it has been metathesed > *klīri. The form klīsi is specifically a Kui one and should go back to *kil-ci (or *kil-eci). Cf. also PK *klā-.
Number in DED : 1574
kuiet-meaning,kuiet-prnum,kuiet-kui,kuiet-kuwi_f,kuiet-kuwi_s,kuiet-addition,kuiet-notes,kuiet-dednum,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *kil-
Meaning : to cry; to sound
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-gnd,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *kIl-ai-
Meaning : to sound
Tamil : cilai (-pp-, -tt-)
Tamil meaning : to sound, resound, roar, twang; rage, be angry; n. sound, roar, bellow, twang
Tamil derivates : cil sound, noise; cill-en_al onom. expr. of shrill sound; cilampu (cilampi-) to sound, make a tinkling noise, echo; n. sound, noise, resonance; tinkling anklets; cilampal sound of a lute; a chatterer; cilucilu (-pp-, -tt-) to sound (as in frying), talk without restraint, make a hissing noise; cilumpu (cilumpi-) to sound; (Tinn.) celaŋke a tiny bell
Malayalam : cila, cilappu, cileppu
Malayalam meaning : ringing sound
Malayalam derivates : cilekka to rattle, tinkle, chatter, chirp, bark; cilampu foot-trinket filled with pebbles for tinkling, worn by dancers; cilampuka to tinkle, be out of tune; kāl-cilaŋku anklet
Kannada : kele
Kannada meaning : to cry or shout with energy or for joy, vociferate (abusively)
Kannada derivates : keleta abusive vociferation; cili an imit. sound; sele sound, noise, echo
Tulu : kilevuni, kilēvuni
Tulu meaning : to whistle, resound
Tulu derivates : kelepuni, kilepuni to crow
Miscellaneous : KOR (O) kelappu to cry
Number in DED : 1574
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-kt,sdret-misc,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *kil-
Meaning : to crow, make noises
Kota : kilc- (kilc-) "to utter shrill cry of joy"
Toda : kis_- (kis_ɵ-) "to crow"
Additional forms : Also Kota ? gel iḍ- (iṭ-) (bullock) makes noise when it sees another bullock and prepares to fight; Toda ɨr fȫr xis_- to call out buffalo names to amuse oneself; kilk- (kilky-) to neigh; kīl ik- (iky-) (elephant) to trumpet (the verb is said to be < Badaga)
Notes : Kota kilc- is secondary; most probably, the old present tense stem *kil- was replaced by analogy with the past stem (where kilc- regularly < *kil-ä-d-).
Number in DED : 1574
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-addition,ktet-notes,ktet-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *kel-
Meaning : to sound
Telugu : celãgu
Telugu (Krishnamurti) : kelayu "to rage"
Additional forms : Also [1] kilārincu, [2] kilārucu to make a noise, shout
Notes : Forms with k- should be considered borrowings from Kannada.
Number in DED : 1574
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-tel_kr,telet-addition,telet-notes,telet-dednum,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *Ḳä[lH]ä
Meaning: tongue, to speak
Kartvelian: Georg. ḳel- 'Geschrei erheben'
Comments: [For CK, NY cf. *ḳiwlV]. Niv. qlai 'рассуждать, разговаривать'. CSkh. *gùl- 'to speak badly'.
References: МССНЯ 336, ОСНЯ 1, 346-347, Tyler 129; ND 1049 *ḳaL(V)ħV 'to shout, cry, weep, make noise'; 1053 *Ḳälya 'tongue'; 1039 *ḲäyLa 'to shout, call' (differing from *Ḳälya only by a very dubious Mong. qajla- 'shout'). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-esk,nostret-notes,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *(s)kale-, *klā-/*klē-
Meaning: to shout, to call
Old Indian: krándati `to neigh, roar, sound, cry'; kalakala- m. 'any confused noise'
Old Greek: kaléō, aeol. kálēmi, kiklḗskō, aor. kalé(s)sai̯, pass. klēthē̂nai̯, pf. med. kéklēmai̯, act. pf. kéklēka, va. klētó-; klē̂si-s `Ruf, Einladung, Vorladung', homo-klǟ́ f. `Zuruf', klētḗr `Herold, Zeuge', klḗtōr, -oros `Zeuge', klḗdǟn `bei Namen, namentlich'; kélōr `звук, голос (`phōnḗ', Hsch.); kélado-s m. `Getöse, Lärm, scharfer Laut', kelarǘzdō `rauschen, rieseln'
Germanic: *xill-a- vb., *xil-a- n., *xil-d-a- m., *xal=; *xlōw-a- vb.; *xlu-n-ja- vb.; *skill-a- vb., *skill=, *skal-a- n., *skil-a- n., *skal-ja- m., etc.; *xl-am-ō- vb., *xl-imm-a- vb., *xl-amm-i- adj., *xl-um-ja- m., *xl-um-ja- vb. Latin: calāre `ausrufen, zusammenrufen, t. t. der Sakralsprache', cūria calābra `die zum Ausrufen der Kalendardaten bestimmte Kurie', concilium `Versammlung, spez. Senats- oder Volksversammlung, Landtag'; clārus, -a `laut, schallend; hell, leuchtend; klar, deutlich'; nōmen-clātor, -ōris m. `Namennenner'; clāmāre `laut rufen, schreien, ausrufen'
Other Italic: Umbr pl. nom. anglar, acc. anglaf `oscines', kařitu, kařetu, carsitu `calato, appellato';
Celtic: OIr cailech, ogam. gen. caliaci, Cymr ceiliog, Corn chelioc 'Hahn'
Russ. meaning: кричать, звать
References: WP I 443 f
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-ital,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: ко́локол,
Near etymology: укр. ко́локiл, род. п. ко́локолу, цслав. клаколъ, полаб. kluоküöl -- то же.
Further etymology: Праслав. *kolkolъ, вероятно, родственно лит. kañkalas (из *kalkalas), далее др.-инд. kаlаkаlаs "беспорядочные крики, шум", греч. καλέω "зову", лат. саlārе "созывать, восклицать", греч. κέλαδος "шум", д.-в.-н. hellan "звучать"; см. Бернекер 1, 547; Сольмсен, РВВ 27, 364 и сл.; Эндзелин, СБЭ 196; Мейе--Эрну 156 и сл. С другой стороны, носовой согласный лит. слова соответствует др.-инд. kaṅkaṇas, -аm "обруч, кольцеобразное украшение", kaṅkaṇī -- то же, а также лит. kañklys, kañklės "гусли", kañklai; см. Гуйер, LF 35, 220 и сл.; Мейе, Ét. 229. Русск. ко́локол "головной убор странника" (в былинах), возм., сблизилось с этим словом только в результате народн. этимологии и продолжает ср.-греч. κουκούλλι(ον); ср. Фасмер, Сб. Потанину 45 и сл. Ср. также шля́пка земли́ гре́ческой.
Pages: 2,294
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-pages,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *kal̃-b-ā̂ f., *kal̃-b-ē̂- vb., *kal̃-b- vb. intr., *kal̃-b-u- sdj., *kal̃-b-es-ia- c.; *kal-jō̂- vb., *kal̂-b-in-ā̂- vb., *kel-s=; *kañkal-a- c., *skal-ja- adj.
Meaning: speak, shout
Lithuanian: kalbà `Sprache, Rede', kalbḗti 'sprechen, reden', caus. kálbinti; kal̃bti (-sta) 'zu reden anfangen, das Wort ergreifen', kalbù- 'redselig, gesprächig'; kalbesī̃s-s/kal̃besi-s 'Gespräch, Unterhaltung'; kañkala-s, kankuolī̃-s 'Klöpfel (einer Glocke), Glocke, Schelle, Klingel', pl. kankalaĩ 'Hoden'; skãlīti (-ija, -ijō) `(von Jagdhunden) jagend bellen, in einem fort bellen, heulen, kläffen, wimmern', dial. skãlinti (tr., intr.)
Lettish: kal̨uôt 'schwatzen', kal̃binât, kalbît (-ĩju) `schwatzen, reden', kalbêt 'laut lesen (von Schülern)' || skal̨š `helltönend, laut, deutlich hörbar; klar (von der Luft), der Schall weit tragend'
Old Prussian: kaltzā, kelsāi `lauten' Ench. 49, 31; 41, 11
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,baltet-oprus,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *xillan- vb., *xila-n, *xilda-z, *xal=; *xlōwan- vb.; *xlunjan- vb.; *skillan- vb., *skill=, *skala-n, *skila-n, *skalja-z etc.; *xlamōn- vb., *xlimman- vb., *xlammi-, *xlumja-z, *xlumjan- vb.
Meaning: shout
Old Norse: hjala wk. `sprechen, sich nerhalten', hjal n. `Gespräch, Unterhaltung', hjald-r m. `Gesprech, Lärm, Kampf'; skjalla st. `tönen, schallen', skɔll f. `Lärm, Spott', skell-r m. `dröhnender Schlag', skjall-r `lauttönend'; skal n. `Lärm', skjal n. `Gerede, Geschwätz'; skella wk. erklingen, erschallen, laut schlagen'; skella f. `Schall, Gelächter'; hlamma wk. `schallen'; hlümja vb. `klingen, krachen', hlüm-r m. `Klang, Lärm'
Norwegian: hjala `schreien, rufen'; hjal `Schrei'; skjella vb.; skoll; skjell; skjella vb.; lamra `lärmen'
Old Swedish: skial
Swedish: dial. lumma, lumra, lomra `dröhnen'; dial. lamma `klingen, widerhallen', lamra `lärmen'; skälla vb.; skall; skälla vb.
Old Danish: Run. gahellija `tönnend ?'; Run. helδaR; skald
Danish: skjelde vb.; skald
Old English: hiellan `Geräusch machen'; hlōwan `rugire, boare'; hlētan `grunzen'; hlimman (hlymman) st. `klingen, tönen, rauschen, brüllen', hlyn(n) `Schall, Lärm, reissender Storm', hlynnan, hlynian `hallen', gehlyn `etöse'; sciellan `schallen, tönen'; sciell `widerhallend, schrill'; hlemm `Schall', hlimme `reisender Storm'; hlemm `Schall'; hlemman `mit eräusch asschlagen'
English: low
Old Frisian: skelda `schelten, tadeln, laut erklärten'
Old Saxon: gihlunn `Getöse'; helan `geluid geven'; hellan st. `ertönen'; hlamon `brausen, rauschen'
Middle Dutch: scelle f.; scellen `weerklinken barsten'; hel; hellen `geluid geven'; loeyen, lōyen
Dutch: schel f. `bel'; hel; loeien
Old Franconian: luon, luogin
Middle Low German: schelle; schellen st.; lōien, lugen
Old High German: (h)luoēn `brüllen'; hluoticla `latratus'; hel `tönend'(11.Jh.), giheli `harmonisch' (10.Jh.), unhelli `mistönend' (um 1000); hellan st. `ertönen, erschallen' (8.Jh.); skellan `schallen, tönen, klingen, lärmen' (um 1000, ir-skellan 9.Jh.); caus. skellen wk. (10.Jh.) `erklingen lassen'; skella f. (11.Jh.); sceltan `schelten, schmähen, beschimpfen, tadeln'; scal (-ll-) `Schall, Krach'; scella `Schelle'; (h)limmen `brummen, heulen', hlamōn `rauschen, tosen'
Middle High German: lüejen `brüllen'; hal `Hall, Schall'; schɛllen wk. `erklingen lassen'; schëlle wk. f. 'schelle; schlag'; schëllen st. `tönen, schallen, klingen'; hël (-ll-) `tönend, laut, glänzend, licht'; hëllen st. `ertönen, erschallen'
German: hell; Hall m.; verschollen `erklingen'; schallen; zerschellen, Schelle f.
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-oswed,germet-swed,germet-odan,germet-dan,germet-oengl,germet-engl,germet-ofris,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-olfrank,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *k`i̯ăli
Meaning: tongue
Russian meaning: язык
Comments: EAS 47, KW 223, ОСНЯ 1, 346, TMN 1, 471-472 ("altes indoeur. Lw." - ?), АПиПЯЯ 57-58, 292. Despite the latter source, Kor. hjǝ́ 'tongue' is to be separated - see a discussion in Miller 1998, who has (following Shiratori), instead compared Kor. kăro- (but, quite unjustly, separated PTM *xilŋü). The Korean reflex remains, however, questionable, since the word can also - following Martin 1996, 75 - be compared with Jpn. *kátár- 'tell', and thus derived from *k`ēro q. v. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *kele-
Meaning: 1 to speak 2 talk, conversation
Russian meaning: 1 говорить 2 речь, слово
Old Turkic: kele-čü 2
Turkish: dial. keleǯi 2
Middle Turkic: keleči 2 (Houts.), keleče 2 (MA) Chuvash: kala- 1
Kirghiz: keleč-söz 2
Comments: VEWT 248, ЭСТЯ 5, 32-33, EDT 716 (Clauson considers the word to be a foreign loan which is dubious, see Clark 1977, 136-138). It is also worth mentioning Tur. kelime, Az. kälmä 'word', Turkm. keleme 'sacred words of Qur'an pronounced for protection' - usually regarded as Arabisms, but with some peculiarities (front vocalism, final -e) that could actually indicate Turkic origin, with a secondary merger with the Arabic loan. turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-trk,turcet-chg,turcet-chv,turcet-krg,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *kele-
Meaning: 1 to say 2 tongue, language
Russian meaning: 1 сказать, говорить 2 язык
Written Mongolian: kele- 1, kele 2 (L 447) Middle Mongolian: kele(n), (SH), kelen (HY 45) 2, kele- 1 (SH, HYt), kele- (IM), kä̆lä̆-, kilä̆n 1 (MA) Khalkha: xele- 1, xel 2
Buriat: xele- 1, xele(n) 2
Kalmuck: kelǝ- 1, kelṇ 2
Ordos: kele- 1, kele 2
Dongxian: kielie- 1, kielien 2
Baoan: kele- 1, kelaŋ (MGCD kalaŋ) 2 Dagur: xele- 1, xeli, xeĺ 2 (Тод. Даг. 175), hele- 1, heli 2 (MD 159) Shary-Yoghur: kelen 2
Monguor: kile- 1, kile 2 (SM 203) Mogol: kelä- 1, (Weiers), kelän 2; ZM kelä (2-4b) 2 monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-bao,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-mogh,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *xilŋü
Meaning: tongue
Russian meaning: язык
Evenki: inńi
Even: ienŋъ
Negidal: ińŋi
Spoken Manchu: ileŋǝ, ilŋi
Literary Manchu: ileŋgu
Jurchen: hileŋ-ŋu (499)
Ulcha: sińu
Orok: sinu
Nanai: śirmu, siŋmu
Oroch: iŋi
Udighe: iŋi
Solon: iŋi
Comments: ТМС 1, 316-317. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-sib,tunget-man,tunget-chu,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-sol,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *kằró-
Meaning: to say (a defective verb)
Russian meaning: говорить (глагол, вводящий прямую речь)
Modern Korean: kalodwe
Middle Korean: kằródắi
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 282
Proto: *kele (kēle)
English meaning: tongue, language
German meaning: Zunge, Sprache
Finnish: kieli (gen. kielen) 'Zunge, Sprache; Saite, Glockenklöppel'
Estonian: keel (gen. keele) 'Zunge, Sprache; Saite, Schlinge'
Saam (Lapp): giellâ -l- (N) 'language; snare, trap', kiella (L) 'id.; Stimme', kīll (T Kld.), kiell (Not.), ḱel (A) 'Sprache; Garn zum Vogelfang'
Mordovian: keĺ (E), käĺ (M) 'Zunge; Sprache'
Udmurt (Votyak): ki̮l (S), kǝ̑l (K), kị̑l (G) 'Zunge, Sprache, Wort, Rede'
Komi (Zyrian): ki̮l (S), ki̮v (P), køl (PO) 'Zunge; Sprache, Rede, Wort (S P PO); язычок, насторожка в ловушке' (S), Glockenschwengel (PO)'
Khanty (Ostyak): köl (V) 'Wort; Nachricht, Neuigkeit; Sprache', ket (DN) 'Wort', keл (Kaz.) 'id., Nachricht' ( > Mansi folk. N kēl 'Rede, Sprache')
Mansi (Vogul): kėlä.- (T) 'erfahren', kälǟ.mt- (TJ) 'заметить', kɔ̄̈lǝmt- (KU) 'пытать, спрашивать' ?
Nenets (Yurak): śe (Nj.) 'Zunge'
Enets (Yen): sioðo, ɵiʔoro (Ch.), sioro (B)
Nganasan (Tawgi): sieja
Selkup: šē (TaU, Ty.), sē (Tur.), sée (Ke.)
Kamass: šǝkǝ
Janhunen's version: (81) *käxli
Sammalahti's version: *käxli
Addenda: Koib. seka, siul 'Zunge'; Mot. kašte; Karag. гысте; Taig. kište, käštä
Yukaghir parallels: kal- 'sprechen', geinerr 'Zungen, Sprache'
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-saa,uralet-mrd,uralet-udm,uralet-kom,uralet-khn,uralet-man,uralet-nen,uralet-enc,uralet-nga,uralet-slk,uralet-kam,uralet-janh,uralet-samm2,uralet-add,uralet-yuk,
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Eskimo etymology :
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Proto-Eskimo: *qilaɣa-
Meaning: palate, roof of mouth
Russian meaning: нёбо
Comments: This stem is is not related to *qilaɣ (-ɫuɣ) 'sky, cloud'. Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 304
esqet-prnum,esqet-meaning,esqet-rmean,esqet-yup,esqet-inup,esqet-newcom,esqet-refer,
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Yupik etymology :
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Proto-Yupik: *qilaГa-
Meaning: palate, roof of mouth
Russian Meaning: нёбо
Chaplino: qiláʁaq (t)
Naukan: qiláɣaq (~ -ʁ-)
Koniag (AAY): qila(ɣ)aq
Chugach (Birket-Smith): qilāɣua (3sg.)
Central Alaskan Yupik: qilaɣaq
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 304
yupet-prnum,yupet-mean,yupet-rmean,yupet-chap,yupet-nauk,yupet-koni,yupet-chgm,yupet-cay,yupet-ced,
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Inupik etymology :
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Proto-Inupik: *qilaɣ(a)-
Meaning: palate
Russian meaning: нёбо
Seward Peninsula Inupik: qilaɣaq
North Alaskan Inupik: qiĺaɣaq, qiĺāq 'thin maktak from whale's mouth'
Western Canadian Inupik: qilaɣaq
Eastern Canadian Inupik: qilak
Greenlandic Inupik: qilāq
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 304
inupet-prnum,inupet-meaning,inupet-rmean,inupet-spi,inupet-nai,inupet-wci,inupet-eci,inupet-gri,inupet-ced,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : KVLV
Meaning : tongue, to speak
Sino-Caucasian : NC *=alg[w]Ăn ( = *=ag(w)Al) 'speak' ?
Amerind (misc.) : *kʷala 'say' (R 598) African (misc.) : CSkh. *gùl- 'to speak badly'.
Notes : Niv. qlai 'рассуждать, разговаривать'.
Reference : МССНЯ 336, ОСНЯ 1, 346-347; GE 44 *ḳele (+ NS). globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-amer,globet-afr,globet-notes,globet-reference,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ḳa(wa)l-
Meaning: speak
Notes: The original biconsonantal root structure is preserved in SA.
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-wch,afaset-cch,afaset-ech,afaset-sho,afaset-lec,afaset-notes,
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Semitic etymology :
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Number: 594
Proto-Semitic: *ḳVwVl-
Meaning: 'voice' 1, 'say, speak' 2, 'saying, speech' 3, 'word' 4
Ugaritic: ḳl 1
Phoenician: ḳl 1
Hebrew: ḳōl 1
Syrian Aramaic: ḳāl- 1
Mandaic Aramaic: ḳala 1
Arabic: ḳwl [-u-] 2
Epigraphic South Arabian: ḳwl 'speaker'
Geʕez (Ethiopian): ḳāl 1, 3, 4
Tigre: ḳal 4
Tigrai (Tigriñña): ḳal 4
Amharic: ḳal 4
Gurage: ḳal 1
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-uga,semet-phn,semet-hbr,semet-syr,semet-mnd,semet-ara,semet-sar,semet-gzz,semet-tgr,semet-tgy,semet-amh,semet-gur,
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West Chadic etymology :
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Proto-WChadic: *ḳwal-
Meaning: 'say'1, 'war-cry' 2
Ankwe=Goemai: qwal [Fp]
Kifri=Giwo: kwalala 2 [St]
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-ank,wchet-krf,
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Central Chadic etymology :
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Proto-CChadic: *kilakw-
Meaning: 'words, speech'
Buduma=Yedina: ke-lakō [Lk]
cchet-prnum,cchet-meaning,cchet-bud,
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East Chadic etymology :
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Proto-EChadic: *ḳVwal-
Meaning: 'speak' 1, 'call' 2, 'cry' 3, 'words, speech' 4
Lele: yakóló 3 [?]
Kabalai: ye-kuwǝlǝ 1 [?]
Tobanga (=Gabri Nord): kwal [CTC] 4
Kera: kel [Eb] 4
Dangla: kòlè 2 [Ebb]
Jegu: kol- 2 [CLR: 59]
Bidiya: kol 2 [JBid]
Birgit: kòlí 2 [CLR]
echet-prnum,echet-meaning,echet-lle,echet-kbl,echet-tob,echet-ker,echet-dng,echet-jeg,echet-bid,echet-brg,
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Saho-Afar etymology :
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Proto-Saho-Afar: *ḳal-
Meaning: 'think, say'
Afar (Danakil): -ḳal-
shoet-prnum,shoet-meaning,shoet-afar,
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Low East Cushitic etymology :
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Proto-Low East Cushitic: *ḳa[w]al-
Meaning: 'word'
Oromo (Galla): qaalii
lecet-prnum,lecet-meaning,lecet-oro,
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