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Konda etymology :
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Konda : aḍi- (-t-)
Meaning: to stop, intercept
Additional forms : Also Konda aḍam across; aḍe biḍe all over (lit. crosswise); disorganizedly
Number in DED : 83
konet-meaning,konet-prnum,konet-addition,konet-dednum,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *aḍ- (*-ḍḍ-?)
Meaning : to conceal; obstacle
Notes : The Kui-Kuwi forms are probably borrowed from Telugu, because geminated -ḍḍ- is not usually reconstructed for PGn.
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,gndet-kon,gndet-pem,gndet-kui,gndet-notes,
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Gondi etymology :
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Proto-Gondi : *aḍ-ām
Meaning : obstacle; shelter
Betul Gondi : addām "shelter"
Maria Gondi : aḍam "obstruction"
Seoni Gondi : aḍḍam "obstacle"
Chindwara Gondi : aḍḍam "obstruction; veil"
Adilabad Gondi : aḍḍām "(SR) shelter"
Number in DED : 83
Number in CVOTGD : 34
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_tr,gonet-gondi_ma,gonet-gondi_s,gonet-gondi_ch,gonet-gondi_a,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,
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Pengo-Manda etymology :
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Proto-Pengo-Manda : *aḍ-g-
Meaning : in the way, intervening, obstructing
Pengo : aḍgel
Number in DED : 83
pemet-meaning,pemet-prnum,pemet-pengo,pemet-dednum,
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Kui-Kuwi etymology :
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Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *aḍḍ- (?)
Meaning : to obstruct; screen, interception
Kui : aḍa "a screen, an intervening or intercepting object (said to be < Oraon)"
Kuwi (Schulze) : aḍḍe ānai "to resist"
Sunkarametta Kuwi : addu ānai "to obviate"
Additional forms : Also Kui ḍākoli a hide shield; Kuwi_S addunga across (in measuring); aḍḍe ānai to resist
Notes : Kui ḍākoli is very hard to compare with Kuwi forms, for in this case we should suppose a separate Kui reduction. Much more probable is that it is derived from Kui ḍāki shell (of tortoise, etc.), cf. DED 2989. The root itself displays an extremely rare case of PK (and probably PDR, cf. the dictionary) voiced geminate; in fact, it is so rare it is not excluded that the root itself was borrowed from Telugu.
Number in DED : 83
kuiet-meaning,kuiet-prnum,kuiet-kui,kuiet-kuwi_s,kuiet-kuwi_su,kuiet-addition,kuiet-notes,kuiet-dednum,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *áḍḍa- ~ *aḍái-
Meaning : to hinder; obstacle
Proto-North Dravidian : *aṛ- Notes : The best evidence for the inlaut voiced geminate comes from South Dravidian languages (Kannada, Kodagu, and Tulu; in the Nilgiris gemination was lost due to the geminate finding itself in the absolute auslaut position after the syncopation of the last syllable) and Telugu. As for Central Dravidian forms, many of them may actually reflect old re-borrowings from Telugu, due to both the irregular -m in the auslaut and the scarceness of the forms (in many languages, only *aḍḍa-m "obstacle" is attested without the corresponding verbal stems). However, Konda aṛk and aḍi- are probably original. So are the NDR forms. Cf. also cases like PDR *mok- ~ *mogám "face" in which the original *-m is almost certainly preserved in Central Dravidian languages. // Present in 6/6 branches. dravet-meaning,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,dravet-ndr,dravet-bra,dravet-notes,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *aḍḍa- ~ *aḍai-
Meaning : to shut, close; to obstruct
Tamil : aṭai (-pp-, -tt-)
Tamil meaning : to shut, close, obstruct, block (as a passage), stop up, put in, pack, lock, fasten, imprison, conceal; to be obstructed (as the ear, throat)
Tamil derivates : aṭaiccu (aṭaicci-) to shut, close; aṭaippu shutting, closing, fence, obstruction, plug; aṭṭam opposition, cross direction, enmity, rivalry; aṭṭi hindrance, obstacle, delay; aṭṭaŋ-kāl, aṭṭaṇaŋ-kāl, aṭṭaṇai-kkāl folded legs in sitting cross-legged
Malayalam : aṭa
Malayalam meaning : a lock
Malayalam derivates : aṭayuka to be shut, shut up, be enclosed; aṭavu stoppage, block, obstruction; aṭekka to shut, obstruct, block up, lock; to be shut, rendered impervious; aṭeppu, aṭappu obstruction, whatever covers or closes a hole, stopper; aṭappam, aṭappan a stopper, cork; aṭeppikka to cause to lock or shut; aṭṭam what is across, transverse, thwarting
Kannada : aḍe
Kannada meaning : to be enclosed, barred, shut up, choked; to shut, lock, obstruct, close up, enclose, confine, imprison, stop the passage
Kannada derivates : aḍavu an impediment, anything to obstruct; aḍa, aḍḍa, aḍḍā, aḍḍe state of being across, transverse, or in the way, state of being broadwise or horizontal, crosswise; obstructing, an obstruction; state of being contrary or perverse; aḍḍane, aḍane across, transversely; aḍḍayisu, aḍḍagisu, aḍḍaysu, aḍḍavisu to move obliquely or obstructingly, make opposition, obstruct, impede, intervene, conceal; aḍḍayisuha obstruction, opposition; aḍḍaysuha going transversely, concealment; aḍḍal crossing, obstructing, obstacle, across, sideways; aḍḍi an obstacle, opposition, delay; aḍḍana, aḍḍaṇa a shield; āṭaŋka, ātaŋka obstruction, obstacle, restraint
Kodagu : aḍe- (aḍev-, aḍand-)
Kodagu meaning : (gap) is stopped
Kodagu derivates : aḍa- (aḍap-, aḍat-) to stop (gap, hole); aḍḍa crosswise; aḍḍa būḷ- to prostrate oneself (lit. fall horizontal)
Tulu : aḍepuni, aḍevuni, aḍeŋguni
Tulu meaning : to shut, close
Tulu derivates : aḍepu act of shutting, clossing, finishing; aḍakụ, aḍaka, aḍēke, aṭaka, aṭakāvu obstacle, hindrance; aḍḍa id., horizontal, intervening; across, athwart; rafter; aḍḍakaṭṭè a dam; aḍḍakāru the bent knee; aḍḍa boruni to prostrate, bow down; aḍḍa kaṭṭuni to dam up, shut in, hinder, prevent, screen; aḍḍi obstacle, opposition; aḍḍaṇa, aḍḍaṇè, aḍana a shield; āṭaŋkụ, āṭaŋka hindrance, obstacle
Number in DED : 0083
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-kod,sdret-kodmean,sdret-kodder,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-kt,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *aḍ[ḍ]-
Meaning : to block; to shut
Kota : aṛv- (aṛd-) "to become blocked by an obstacle, (throat) becomes choked with tears"
Toda : aṛf- (aṛt-) "to shut"
Additional forms : Also Kota aṛv- (aṛt-) (door) shuts; to shut (door, hole), shut up (cattle); aḍ oblique, slanting, at right angles, crosswise; aḍ aḍ at full length, at right angles; aḍ voṛt rising or setting sun; aḍ mug- to bow to ground before god or godlike person; aḍ gaṭ- to obstruct, stop; Toda mɨṛk aṛf- to spoil one's voice by shouting (lit. choke to the neck); oḍ crosswise, obstructing, prostrate, contour line round a hill; oḍ oḍ foṭ- to obstruct (lit. lie crosswise); oḍ fɨḍɵ- to prostrate oneself (lit. fall horizontal); oḍ xoṭ- to obstruct; oḍty limit beyond which one must not go; oḍɵ awkward, ugly
Number in DED : 83
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-addition,ktet-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *aḍḍ-
Meaning : to become obstructed or choked, be stopped, choke
Telugu : aḍucu-konu
Additional forms : Also aḍḍamu obstacle, hindrance, opposition, a screen, that which hides or separates; adj. cross, which is crosswise; [1] aḍḍa-kaṭṭu, [2] aḍḍagincu, [3] aḍḍa-paḍu, [4] aḍḍu to hinder, obstruct; [1] aḍḍakar_r_a, [2] aḍḍaŋki, [3] aḍḍugur_r_a hindrance, obstruction; aḍḍakaṭṭa a dam or bank, embankment; aḍḍamugā crosswise, transversely; aḍḍu a screen, anything that affords concealment; aḍḍanamu a shield; aḍḍi hindrance, obstruction, delay; āṭaŋkamu prevention, obstacle, hindrance, obstruction, resistance, an objection, a difficulty
Number in DED : 83
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-addition,telet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *aḍḍam (?)
Meaning : obstruction
Naiki : aḍḍam
Parji : aḍḍom "obstacle, obstruction"
Additional forms : Also Parji aḍḍom er- to obstruct
Notes : The final -m in these forms may betray their origin as borrowings from Telugu (although this is not certain).
Number in DED : 83
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-naiki,kogaet-parji,kogaet-addition,kogaet-notes,kogaet-dednum,
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North Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-North-Dravidian : *aṛ-
Meaning : to cover; to hinder
Kurukh : aḍnā "to furnish (a drum) with skin, cover it with leather, (birds or bees) construct a nest or honeycomb, stop stubbornly where one is (a naughty child, intrepid combatants, etc.)"
Malto : aṛare "to be hindered"
Notes : The epenthetic vowel in Malto seems to point to an original *-ṛ- (since the inlaut cluster ḍr is not prohibited in Malto).
Additional forms : Also MLT aṛatre to hinder
Number in DED : 83
ndret-meaning,ndret-prnum,ndret-kur,ndret-mlt,ndret-notes,ndret-addition,ndret-dednum,
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Brahui etymology :
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Brahui : aḍ
Meaning : sheltered; shelter, protection
Additional forms : Also BRA aṛ obstacle, obstruction, entanglement; aṛī obstacle, obstruction.
Number in DED : 83
braet-meaning,braet-prnum,braet-addition,braet-dednum,
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