Pengo-Manda etymology :

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *aḍ-

Meaning : to be able

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Pengo : aḍ- (aṛt-)

Manda : aḍ-

Number in DED : 78

Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *aḍ-

Meaning : to be able

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Konda : aṭ- (-t-)

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *aḍ-

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *āḍ-

Notes : The Konda form unexpectedly changed conjugation type (aṭ- can only go back to *aḍ-C-). Vowel length in PK is irregular; as a matter of fact, Kuwi_Su has short a-, so this variant is probably more archaic.

Konda etymology :

Konda : aṭ- (-t-)

Meaning: to be able

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Number in DED : 78

Kui-Kuwi etymology :

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *āḍ-

Meaning : to be able

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Kui : āḍa (āḍi-) "to be suitable, fitting, proper, convenient, excellent, good, handsome; to suit, fit, agree"

Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : aṛdali

Kuwi (Schulze) : āḍ-

Sunkarametta Kuwi : ā̆ḍ- (-it-)

Kuwi (Israel) : āḍ- (-it-)

Additional forms : Also Kui āṭka (āṭki-) pl. action

Notes : The variant found with a short vowel in Kuwi_Su seems to stand isolated against the corresponding data of both Kui and other Kuwi dialects. However, external data indicates that it is this variant that is most archaic. In Kuwi_F we should expect *ādali or, at least, *addali, but instead find a mysterious -rd-.

Number in DED : 78

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *aḍú-

Meaning : fit, appropriate

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *aḍu-

Proto-Telugu : *aḍa-r-

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *aḍ-

Proto-North Dravidian : *aṭ-j-

Notes : The stem is often met with resonant suffixal extensions in which the original vowel shifts to -a- (*aḍú-r- > *aḍǝr- > aḍar-, etc.). // Present in 4/6 branches.

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *aḍu-

Meaning : to be fit

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : aṭu (-pp-, -tt-)

Tamil meaning : to be fit, becoming, deserving

Tamil derivates : aṭaivu fitness, propriety, order, manner, course; (?) aṇṭu (aṇṭi-) to fit, be appropriate to

Malayalam : aṭukka

Malayalam meaning : to beseem, become [i. e. be becoming to], be proportionate to

Malayalam derivates : aṭavu regular custom, dexterity, perfection; aṭavi dexterity, cleverness

Kannada : aḍagu

Kannada meaning : the state of being fit, agreeableness, beauty

Kannada derivates : aḍavu suitableness, properness, proper way, the state of being sufficient; aṭṭu fitting, being becoming or proper; ? (Hav.) eḍi to be able to do

Notes : The origin of forms like Tam. aṭai-vu is unclear (a different verbal stem *aḍai-, not preserved by itself?). Tamil aṇṭu hardly belongs here; no other Dravidian language has a nasal in this root, so it may have been a secondary contamination with *aṇai- "to approach, come near".

Number in DED : 0078

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *aḍa-r-

Meaning : to be fit or proper

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : aḍaru

Number in DED : 78

North Dravidian etymology :

Proto-North-Dravidian : *aṭ-j-

Meaning : to be fit, be enough

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Malto : aṭye

Number in DED : 78

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *HadV

Meaning: to fit

Altaic: *ădV

Dravidian: *aḍú-

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *ădV

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to fit, equal, similar

Russian meaning: подходить, равный, похожий

Turkic: *ădaĺ

Mongolian: *adali

Tungus-Manchu: *ada-

Comments: A Western isogloss. Cf. several similar roots: *idV 'to follow, lead'; *i̯ude 'to imitate, simulate', with a natural tendency towards contamination.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *ădaĺ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: friend, companion

Russian meaning: друг, товарищ

Old Turkic: adaš (OUygh. - Buddh., Man.)

Karakhanid: aδaš (MK, KB), ajaš (IM)

Yakut: atas

Kirghiz: ajaš

Comments: VEWT 5, EDT 72. A hypothesis about *adaĺ < (compound) at-daĺ with 'name' as the first component is impossible (in that case we would expect *ataĺ and 'namesake' as the earliest meaning). The form attaš is attested since MTurk.: attaš 'namesake' (Tefs.), adaš 'namesake' (Chag. Sangl.), ataš 'namesake' (CCum.) - and contaminates with *adaĺ. Modern languages for the most part reflect the compound, see ЭСТЯ I 203-204. Cf. Tuva a'daškɨ-lar 'a father with his children' ("namesakes"; NB: pharyngealization as a reflex of *-t-). A possible reflex of *adaĺ is Chuv. ural-a-š- 'to agree about acquiring smth. collectively, together' and ural-a-n- 'to form a light circle (of astronomical bodies)': both are semantically quite far from ura-la-n- 'to recover'.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *adali

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: equal, similar

Russian meaning: равный, похожий

Written Mongolian: adali (L 9)

Middle Mongolian: adali (HY 51, SH), adali (MA 95)

Khalkha: adil

Buriat: adli

Kalmuck: ädḷ́

Ordos: adil, adila, adili, adali

Dongxian: adali (Тод. Дн. 110)

Baoan: adǝli (Тод. Бн. 133), adali (Tungren)

Dagur: adiĺ, adili (Тод. Даг. 118), adǝĺ (MGCD), adili (MD 111)

Monguor: dali (SM 42), adali (Minghe)

Mogol: adōli (Ramstedt 1906)

Comments: KW 21, MGCD 94. Mong. > Yak. atɨlɨ̄, Dolg. atalɨ (Kaɫ. MEJ 38, Stachowski 38), Evk. adalī (cf. Doerfer MT 98, Rozycki 11), Russ. Siber. adalí (Аникин 74).

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *ada-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 twins 2 to unite, attach 3 close, neighbour

Russian meaning: 1 близнецы 2 соединять, присоединять 3 близкий, соседний

Negidal: adaxụ 1

Literary Manchu: ada- 2, adaki 3

Ulcha: adaụ 1

Orok: adāw 1

Nanai: ada- 2, adō 1

Oroch: adawu 1

Udighe: ada`u 1 (Корм. 204)

Comments: ТМС 1, 14.

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