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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *veḷk-
Meaning : ashamed; afraid
Tamil : veḷku (veḷki-)
Tamil meaning : to be ashamed, be coy, bashful, fear, shudder, be perplexed
Tamil derivates : veṭku (veṭki-) to be ashamed, be bashful, be afraid; veṭkam, vekkam shame, modesty, bashfulness, coyness; vaṭku (vaṭki-) to be ashamed, be shy, bashful; n. shame, shyness, modesty; viḷi (-v-, -nt-) to be overcome with shame; viḷivu shame
Malayalam : veḷkka
Malayalam meaning : to be ashamed, afraid
Malayalam derivates : vekkam shame
Kannada : beḷkar_
Kannada meaning : to become afraid, fear
Kannada derivates : (K2) beḷkane to turn pale through fear
Tulu : boḷcuni
Tulu meaning : to shy, start aside suddenly as an animal
Tulu derivates : boḷci, boḷcelụ shyness, starting aside, suddenly; boḷcāvuni to make shy; boḷaccelụ shying
Notes : Tamil vaṭku and viḷi are unclear.
Number in DED : 5500
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-kt,sdret-notes,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *ve(ḷ)k-
Meaning : feeling of modesty, shame
Kota : vekm (obl. vekt-)
Number in DED : 5500
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-dednum,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *veḷ-
Meaning : to be ashamed, afraid
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *belHi
Meaning: to fear, be scared
Chukchee-Kamchatkan: Chuk. *pɔlmär (1031).
References: МССНЯ 331-332, ОСНЯ 2, 98-99, ND 1704 *pelqE 'to tremble, fear' (+ Sem.) (but PIE *pelǝ- 'shake', PD *pir_V- 'tremble, fear' and AA forms with *p- should be kept apart). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-chuk,nostret-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *belV
Meaning: hysterics, panic, mourning
Russian meaning: истерика, паника, траур
Comments: ТМС 1, 124 (TM-Turk.). A Western isogloss. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *bEliŋ
Meaning: panic, terror
Russian meaning: паника, ужас
Old Turkic: beliŋ (OUygh.)
Karakhanid: beliŋ (MK), beliŋ-le- 'to be terrified' (KB) Turkish: belin 'frightened' (dial. peliŋ, peŋil-de-)
Middle Turkic: beliŋ-le- 'to be terrified' (Qutb) Turkmen: beliŋ al- 'to fear, be disgusted'
Oyrat: peliŋ 'faked illness' (R) Tuva: beliŋ-či, beliŋ-ne-
Tofalar: beliŋ-ši 'scary', beliŋ-ne- 'be startled'
Kirghiz: belim-či 'a hysterical woman'
Kazakh: beliŋ
Noghai: beleŋ 'scary'
Bashkir: bilen-dä- 'to be scared, startled'
Comments: EDT 343, 344, VEWT 69, ОСНЯ 2, 98 (with a different TM parallel). turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-chg,turcet-trm,turcet-alt,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *belbe-
Meaning: mourning, widow
Russian meaning: траур, вдова
Written Mongolian: belbüsü, (L 96) belbesü(n) Middle Mongolian: belbisun (HY 32, SH), b[ä]lbes 'unmarried woman' (IM), bilbusun (MA) Khalkha: belevsen
Buriat: belbehe(n)
Kalmuck: belwǝsṇ
Ordos: belbesen 'widow'
Shary-Yoghur: bölbösǝn, belwǝsǝn
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *beli(n)
Meaning: 1 hysterics 2 silly
Russian meaning: 1 истерика 2 глупый
Evenki: belin 1
Negidal: belin 1
Literary Manchu: beli 2
Nanai: belčĩ 2
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-neg,tunget-man,tunget-nan,tunget-reference,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 749
Proto: *pele
English meaning: to be afraid
German meaning: fürchten, sich fürchten
Finnish: pelkää- 'fürchten, sich fürchten'
Estonian: pelga- 'fürchten, zagen'
Saam (Lapp): bâllâ- -l- (N) 'fear, be afraid', palla- (L), palli̊- (T), pølle- (Kld.), pøllø- (A)
Mordovian: peĺe- (E M)
Udmurt (Votyak): puli̮- 'fürchten; sich scheuen, sich schämen', puwi̮- (MU) 'fürchten'
Komi (Zyrian): pol- (S), pol-, pov- (P), pu.l- (PO)
Khanty (Ostyak): pĕl (Trj.) 'Furcht', pĕl- (V), pĕt- (DN), pȧ̆l- (O)
Mansi (Vogul): piĺ- (TJ), pil- (KU So.), pil-, piĺ- (P)
Hungarian: fél-
Nenets (Yurak): pīĺū- (O) 'sich fürchten', pīd́e- (O) 'verscheuchen, wegjagen'
Enets (Yen): fīe- (Ch.) 'sich fürchten'
Nganasan (Tawgi): filiti-
Selkup: piti̮- (Ta.) 'erschrecken, beängstigen'
Kamass: pim- 'fürchten'
Janhunen's version: (56) *peli-
Sammalahti's version: *peli-
Addenda: Koib. пымлямъ; Mot. имергамъ
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-saa,uralet-mrd,uralet-udm,uralet-kom,uralet-khn,uralet-man,uralet-ugr,uralet-nen,uralet-enc,uralet-nga,uralet-slk,uralet-kam,uralet-janh,uralet-samm2,uralet-add,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : PVLV
Meaning : to fear, be angry
Reference : МССНЯ 331-332, ОСНЯ 2, 98-99 (but PIE *pelǝ- 'shake', PD *pir_V- 'tremble, fear' and AA forms with *p- should be kept apart). globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-reference,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *bihal-
Meaning: emphatic speech
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-wch,
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Semitic etymology :
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Number: 1740
Proto-Semitic: *bVhVl-
Meaning: curse, pray, implore, speak, say
Akkadian: baʔāl- bâl- 'beseech, pray'
Hebrew: bhl (nif.) 'be frightened'
Judaic Aramaic: bihel 'frighten'
Arabic: bhl [-a-] 'promounce a curse', VIII 'implore, beseech'
Mehri: behl-īt 'word, thing'
Harsusi: behel-ēt 'word, thing'
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-akk,semet-hbr,semet-jud,semet-ara,semet-mhr,semet-hss,
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West Chadic etymology :
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Proto-WChadic: *biHal-
Meaning: 'anger' 1, '`vicious, angry, cruel' 2, insult' 3
Mupun: ḅyal 2 [FrM]
Montol: bial 1 [Fp]
Dera=Kanakuru: ḅéelè 3 [NmK]
Notes: Cf. Tangale pule `to (be) come annoyed, angry' [JgT] < *b/pul-.
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-gwn,wchet-mnt,wchet-der,wchet-notes,
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