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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *min̂k-ī̂-, man̂k-ī̂- (1) vb., *min̂t-l-ā̂, -iā̃ (1/2) f., *min̂k-š-t-a- (1/2) adj., *min̂k-ī̂- (2?) vb.,
Meaning: knead; weak
Lithuanian: mìnkīti, mánkīti `weiche Masse kneten, durcharbeiten, anrühren, feststampfen, zerknittern, zerknüllen, knicken, brechen', mìnklē `Teig', mìnkšta- `weich, zart, milde, sanft'
Lettish: mîcît (-cu, -cĩju) 'kneten, treten', mîksts `weich; weich , gelind (vom Wetter); schwach', mîkla 'Teig, Brotteig', mîkna2 `Teig'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *menk-
Meaning: to rumple, to knead
Old Indian: macate `to pound, grind'; maṅkú- `shaking, vacillating'
Russ. meaning: мять, месить
piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: мука́,
Near etymology: вин. п. муку́, укр., блр. мука́, ст.-слав. мѫка ἄλευρον, болг. мъчник "мучной ларь" (Младенов 314), сербохорв. му́ка "мука́", словен. móka, чеш. mouka, слвц. múka, польск. mąka, в.-луж., н.-луж. muka.
Further etymology: Праслав. *mǫká, связано чередованием гласных с *mękъkъ "мягкий" (см. мя́гкий); сюда же относятся лит. mìnkau, mìnkyti "мять, месить (тесто)", mìnkštas "мягкий", mánkau, mánkyti "жать, давить, мучить", mankštinù, mankštìnti, mankštaũ, mankštýti "размягчать", д.-в.-н. mengen, др.-сакс. mengian "мешать", греч. μάσσω "мну, мешу", μάκτρα "квашня", возм., также др.-инд. mácatē "дробит"; см. Бернекер 2, 42 и сл.; Траутман, ВSW 184 и сл.; Педерсен, Kelt. Gr. I, 53; Торп 309; Мейе. Ét. 254 и сл.; Брандт, РФВ 22, 258.
Pages: 3,6
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *mangian-; *mang=
Meaning: knead
Old English: mengan; gemong `gemengd'; gemong n. `schaar'
English: mingle; among
Old Frisian: mengia, menzia vb.; mong
Old Saxon: mengian; gimang n. `schaar, troep'
Middle Dutch: menghen, minghen; ghemanc `gemengd, verbonden', manc `onder, tussen'
Dutch: mengen
Middle Low German: { mangt, manket, mankent, mangen }; manc prp.; gemanc adv., prp.
Old High German: mengen (8.Jh.)
Middle High German: mɛngen, md. mɛngen/mingen wk. 'mischen, mengen, einmischen, vereinigen'; gemanc st. m. 'Gemenge, Vermischung'
German: mengen; nordd. mang 'unter, zwischen'
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-oengl,germet-engl,germet-ofris,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 1286
Root: men(ǝ)k-
English meaning: to knead
German meaning: `kneten (quetschen, zermalmen)'
Derivatives: menku- `weich'
Material: Ai. mácatē, mañcatē `zermalmt, betrügt, ist übermütig (?)' (Dhātup.; mit wahrscheinlicher Anreihung auch von:) ai. maṅkú- `schwach, schwankend'; alb. mekem `mache feucht, werde ohnmächtig, erstarre', i mekan `matt, schwach', mekë `Dummkopf'(*mn̥k-);
gr. ion. μάσσω (*mn̥k-i̯ō), att. μάττω `drücke, knete, streiche, wische' (paradigmatisch vereinigt mit Aor. Pass. μαγη̃ναι, zu μαγεύς usw., Wz. maĝ-, s. dort; im Gutt. zweideutig μάκτρα `Backtrog'), μακαρία βρω̃μα ἐκ ζωμου̃ καὶ ἀλφίτων Hes.;
ags. mengan, as. mengian, mhd. mengen, nhd. mengen (eigentlich `durcheinanderkneten'), as. gi-mang, ags. (ge)-mang n., mhd. ge-manc, -ges m. `Mischung, Gemenge';
lit. mìnkau, -yti `(Teig) kneten', mìnkštas `weich', ablaut. mánkau, -yti (= germ. *mangjan), lett. mîcît `treten', mîksts `weich';
aksl. mękъ-kъ `weich', *męknǫti `weich werden', o-mę-čiti `erweichen', russ. mjákiš `das Weiche vom Brot', ablaut. aksl. mǫka `Mehl' (skr. múka, russ. muká ds.), mǫka `Qual' (skr. mȕka ds.) usw.;
References: WP. II 368, WH. I 508, II 3, 23 f., Trautmann 184 f.
See also: vgl. die ähnlichen Wurzeln māk- und maĝ-.
Pages: 730-731
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