Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *lā̂m-ā̂ (1?), *lā̃m-a- c.

Meaning: hole, den, pit

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: lōmà (acc. lō̃mą), lō̃ma-s `Grube, Höhle, Vertiefung'

Lettish: lãma `niedrige Stelle, Lache, Senkung auf dem Felde od. auf dem Wiese, Pfütze, Grube, Sumpf, Grube'

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *lām-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: hollow (filled with water)

Slavic: *lāmъ яма (ЭССЯ 14:26)

Baltic: *lā̂m-ā̂ (1?), *lā̃m-a- c.

Latin: lāma f. `Lache, Morast, Sumpf'

Russ. meaning: впадина (заполненная водой)

References: WP II 385 f

Pokorny's dictionary :

Number: 1118

Root: lāmā

English meaning: swamp, puddle

German meaning: `Pfütze, Sumpf'?

Grammatical comments: f.

Material: Lat. lāma f. `Pfütze, Sumpf', wohl kaum echt lateinisch; als Appellativ noch heute in Spanien, Südfrankreich, Oberitalien, häufig in ON im N Portugals und Spaniens, Korsika, Oberitalien und Apulien, also im venet.-illyr. Gebiet; illyr. FlN Λάμητος (Bruttium), heute Lamato; lett. lãma `Pfütze, Grube', lit. lomà (man erwartet lóma), Akk. Sg. lõmą ds.; bulg. lam m. `Grube, Loch'.

References: WP. II 385 f., WH. I 753, 870 f., Trautmann 162, R. Menendez Pidal ZrPh. 59, 202 ff. Unklar ist das Verhältnis zu finn. lampi, Gen. lammen `Teich', estn. lomm `Pfütze, Niederung', usw.

Pages: 653-654

PIE database: PIE database

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *laHm[u]

Meaning: swamp

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *lāmʌ-

Altaic: *lāmo

Uralic: *lampe

Kartvelian: *lam-

Dravidian: *nam- (or *aḷ-(am) [269] 'salt marsh')

References: МССНЯ 331, ОСНЯ 2, 29-30; ND 1301 *l̄ahm[U] 'swamp; body of water'.

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *lā̀mò ( ~ -a)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: sea, wave

Russian meaning: море, волна

Mongolian: *namug

Tungus-Manchu: *lāmu

Japanese: *nàmì

Comments: ОСНЯ 2, 30, Murayama 1962, 109 (Jpn.-TM). Cf. also Koguryo *nuami 'pond, sea', see Lee 38, Menges 1984, 280-281.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *namug

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: marsh, swamp

Russian meaning: болото

Written Mongolian: namuɣ, namaɣ (L 563)

Middle Mongolian: namurqan 'pool' (SH)

Khalkha: namag

Buriat: namag, namarga

Kalmuck: namǝg (KРС)

Comments: Mong. > Evk. namargan (ТМС 1, 581).

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *lāmu

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 sea 2 wave

Russian meaning: 1 море 2 волна

Evenki: lāmu 1

Even: nām, lām 1

Negidal: lām 1

Literary Manchu: namu 1

Ulcha: namụ 1

Orok: namụ 1, lamu 2

Nanai: namụ, lamụ 1

Oroch: nāmu 1

Udighe: namu 1

Comments: ТМС 1, 490-491. Shortening in Nanai is not quite clear (for historical length cf. also Yak., Dolg. lāmɨ < TM, see Stachowski 173).

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *nàmì

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: wave

Russian meaning: волна

Old Japanese: namji

Middle Japanese: nàmì

Tokyo: namí

Kyoto: námì

Kagoshima: namí

Comments: JLTT 492.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 460

Proto: *lampe

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: bog, marsh

German meaning: Pfütze, Teich, Moor

Finnish: lampi, lammi (gen. lammen, lammin), lamppi (gen. lampin) 'kleiner Landsee, Teich, Pfütze' (? > Est. lamm, gen. lammi 'kleine, flache Bucht') ?

Estonian: lammikas 'Schlammpfütze, Moor' ?

Saam (Lapp): luobbâl -b'b- (L) 'kleiner Waldsee, kürzere Strecke Stillwasser' ( > Finn. lompalo, lompolo 'Verbreiterung eines Flusses'), lā_impe, lā_imp (T) 'Moor, Sumpf' ?

Mari (Cheremis): lop (C M B) 'tiefliegender feuchter Boden, niedriger Ort' ?

Nenets (Yurak): limbad 'болото, трясина' ?

Selkup: li̮mpä (Ta.) 'Moor, Sumpfboden' ?

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *lam-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Georgian: lam-

Georgian meaning (Rus.): ил, сырость; омачивать

Georgian meaning (Engl.): silt, dampness

Notes and references: В ОСНЯ 2, 29 основа сближается с ПИЕ *lām- 'болото, лужа', урал. *Lampe 'болото, озерцо', алт. *lāmo 'болото, море' (ностр. *LaHm[u]). Климов (1994, 201) считает груз. слово индоевропеизмом, для чего как будто бы нет оснований.

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *nam- (*-e-)

Meaning : moist, damp

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *nam-

Proto-Telugu : *nemm-

Notes : A Tamil-Telugu isogloss with unclear vocalism correspondences.

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *nam-

Meaning : damp, moist

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : nama (-pp-, -tt-), namar (-pp-, -tt-), namu (-pp-, -tt-)

Tamil meaning : to become damp, moist

Number in DED : 3594

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *nemm-

Meaning : moisture, damp

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : nemmu

Additional forms : Also nemmukonu to become damp

Number in DED : 3594

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : LVMV

Meaning : swamp

Eurasiatic : *laHm[u]

Afroasiatic : Ar. lahim-, Berb. *lVm(u)H- 'big sea or humid area' (?)

Sino-Caucasian : *ƛHwémV

Austric : *lVm

African (misc.) : Bantu *-dị̀àm- 'sink'.

Reference : МССНЯ 331, ОСНЯ 2, 29; ND 1301; Peiros 1989, 127; Guthrie ps. 167.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ƛHwémV

Meaning: liquid, soak

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *ƛ_HwemV

Sino-Tibetan: *liǝm (cf. also *ƛɨ̆m)

Burushaski: *tam

Basque: *limuri

Comments and references : NSC 58 *ƛwHEmV.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *ƛ_HwemV

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: liquid (adj.)

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *ʎ:imV-

Proto-Lak: xuImu-

Proto-Dargwa: *xaIm-

Proto-Lezghian: *ʎ:äImä-

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Correspondences are regular. See Trubetzkoy 1922, 239. Abdokov (1983, 148) adduces a Kabardian word: xʷānʎa 'liquid; boiled (e.g. egg)' which we were unable to confirm in existing sources.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *ʎ:imV-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: liquid

Avar: ƛ:amí-ja-b

Chadakolob: ƛamá-ja-b

Andian language: ʎ:emi

Akhvakh: ʎ:eme-da-

Lak etymology :

Lak root: xuImu-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: liquid

Lak form: xuImu-s:a

Comments: Cf. Khosr. x:uImu-s:a (a misspelling instead of xuImu-s:a ?).

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *xaIm-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: wet, liquid

Chiragh: šaIm-ze

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *ʎ:äImä-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: liquid

Lezghian: žimi

Tabasaran: šmi

Agul: š:ume-r (Bursh.)

Rutul: xɨmi-l-dɨ

Tsakhur: ximaI-n

Archi: ʎ:aIma-t:u-

Comment: Cf. also Tab. Düb. šemi.

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *liǝm

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: soak

Chinese: 淫 *lǝm to soak.

Kachin: (H) prim be soaked.

Chinese characters :

Character: 淫

Modern (Beijing) reading: yín

Preclassic Old Chinese: l(h)ǝm

Classic Old Chinese: l(h)ǝm

Western Han Chinese: l(h)ǝm

Eastern Han Chinese: ź(h)ǝm

Early Postclassic Chinese: ź(h)im

Middle Postclassic Chinese: j(h)im

Late Postclassic Chinese: j(h)im

Middle Chinese: jim

English meaning : be excessive, licentious, dissolute

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 0657 b

Vietnamese reading: dâm

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *tam

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: to swim, bathe, wash

Hunza: tam dél-

Nagar: tam dél-

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *limuri

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 moist, humid 2 slippery 3 smooth, soft 4 lewd 5 changeable (of weather)

Gipuzkoan: limuri 3, 4

High Navarrese: limuri 3

Low Navarrese: limuri 2, 5

Salazarese: linburi, limuri 2, 3, 5

Lapurdian: linburi 2, 3

Zuberoan: limuri, linburi 1, 2, 5

Comments: As to the form linburi, there are at least two possible explanations: (1) an excrescent /b/ before following liquid, typologically similar to Eng. timber, Old Saxon timber, Old High Ger. zimbar, Old Norse timbr, etc., from the IE root *dem- ‘build’; French chambre < Lat. camera, etc.; (2) Trask unequivocally regarded internal Bsq /m/ as derived from *nb (HB 133), though Mitxelena was somewhat more circumspect about this, discussing it at length (Fonética, chapter 18) and noting secondary cases of /nb/ such as (AN, B, G) ganbela ‘manger’ < Lat. camella (REW 1543). Some of these may be due to folk hypercorrections.

Austric etymology :

Proto-Austric: *lVm

Meaning: submerge, sink

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Proto-Austroasiatic: *lam / *lɨm (also *ram; *lǝm 'to fall')

Austroasiatic meaning: submerge, sink

Miao-Yao parallels: Yao liem.6 soak (MY) (may be < Chin.)

Proto-Austronesian: *telem (also *lama 'wet, lie on water surface')

Austronesian meaning: sink, submerge, dive

Austronesian code: 23:21

Proto-Thai: lom.B to sink, lom.C to fall

Austro-Asiatic etymology :

Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *lam / *lǝm

Meaning: submerge, sink

Austric etymology: Austric etymology

Thai: lom.B to sink

Proto-Katuic: EK *lam

Khmer: rǝlam CHECK

Proto-Monic: *lǝm

Proto-Palaungic: Pal hlɨm

References: S-152

Katuic etymology :

Proto-Katuic: *lam

Meaning: submerged in

Presyllable: kǝ-/ʔǝ-

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Proto-West Katuic: BRU slim.B E?

Proto-East Katuic: *lam

References: TK15.45

East Katuic etymology :

Proto-East Katuic: *lam

Meaning: submerged in

Presyllable: kǝ-/ʔǝ-

Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology

Kri: klam

Chatong: klam

Kantu dialects: klam

Dakkan dialects (1): ʔalam

Khmer etymology :

Khmer: rǝla:ṃ

Meaning: be soaked, drenched

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

References: JP338

Monic etymology :

Proto-Monic: *lǝm

Meaning: immerse oneself

Presyllable: tǝ- /ʒǝ-

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Modern Mon: taluim, tluim

Old Mon: tulum

Nyakur: çǝlǝm.B

Nyakur meaning: to omerse smth.

References: V196; S-160

Aslian etymology :

Proto-Aslian: *-kɔʔ

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Meaning: claw

Semoq Beri: tǝrkɔʔ

Kensiw: kalkɔʔ

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