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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *xarja-z, -n
Meaning: army
Gothic: harji-s m. (ja) `army'
Old Norse: her-r m. `Heer; Menge, Volk'
Norwegian: her
Old Swedish: Run. harija
Swedish: här
Old Danish: Run. harja; hariso, hariuha
Danish: her
Old English: here, gen. heres/heriges/herges m. `army, host, multitude, large predatory band'
Old Frisian: here, hiri m., n.
Old Saxon: heri m.
Middle Dutch: hēre n. `leger, menigte'
Dutch: heer, heir n.
Old Franconian: heri-, here-
Middle Low German: hēr
Old High German: heri n. (8.Jh.)
Middle High German: hɛr, hɛre st. n. 'heer, kriegsheer; überwältigende menge; menge, schar, volk'
German: Heer
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-oswed,germet-swed,germet-odan,germet-dan,germet-oengl,germet-ofris,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-olfrank,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *kory-
Meaning: war, troops
Other Iranian: OPers kāra- m. 'Kriegsvolk, Heer; Volk'; NPers kār-zār 'Schlachtfeld'
Old Greek: kói̯rano-s m. `Herrscher, Heerführer, Herr'; EN. wie Koi̯ró-makhos
Celtic: MIr cuire `Schar, Menge'; Gaul Tri-, Petru-corii Volknamen ("die drei, vier Heere")
Russ. meaning: война/войско
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-iran,piet-greek,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *kar-a-, *kar-ia- c., *kar-iā̃, *kar-jā̂ f., *kar-ja-s, *kar-ia-s m.
Meaning: war, troops
Lithuanian: kãra-s, kãria-s `Krieg'; kãrē, karià `Krieg', kãria-s, kãri-s `Heer', karī̃s `Krieger'
Lettish: kar̨š `Krieg; Hader, Lärm, Unruhe, Mühe; Heer'
Old Prussian: kargis [überl. kragis] `Heer' V. 410, cariawoytis `Heerschau' V. 416, karyago `Reise' (eig. `Heereszug') V. 411
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,baltet-oprus,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 1009
Root: koro-s, kori̯o-s
English meaning: war, warrior
German meaning: `Krieg, Kriegsheer'
Derivatives: kori̯o-no-s `Heerführer'
Material: 1. Ohne formantisches -i̯o-, -i̯a-: lit. kãras `Krieg' und dehnstufig apers. kāra- m. `Kriegsvolk, Heer; Volk', npers. kār-zār `Schlachtfeld'. 2. Gr. κοίρανος (aus *Κοίρονος) `Heerführer, König, Herr' (Ableitung von *κοι̃ρος aus *κόρι̯ος mit Formans -no-; ebenso aisl. herjann `Heervater' als Beiname Odins von harja- `Heer' aus; κοιρανέω `befehlige; herrsche', κοιρανία `Herrschaft', vgl. vom unerweiterten *κοι̃ρο- EN wie Κοιρόμαχος (Boisacq s. v.);
mir. cuire m. `Schar, Menge', gall. Tri-, Petru-corii Völkernamen (`die drei-, vierstämmigen');
got. harjis, aisl. herr, ags. here `Heer', ahd. as. heri `Heer, Menge', PN altgerm. Hari-gasti (Dat.), vielleicht Göttername (Neckel KZ. 60, 284);
lit. kãrias `Heer', kãrė `Krieg', karỹs `Krieger', lett. kar'š `Krieg, Heer', apr. kargis (überliefert kragis) `Heer', caryawoytis Akk. Sg. `Heerschau';
vgl. auch oben kar-1 S. 530, wo die bsl. Beispiele auch hierher gehören können.
References: WP. I 353, 462, Trautmann 118.
Pages: 615-616
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-derivative,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ḳarV
Meaning: enemy
References: ND 1127 *ḳaRV(-PV) 'to fight; war, troop'. Cf. *KVrV, *kwVrV - very hard to sort out (smth. may also be there in ND 1159 *ḳaR[iwu] 'to come in contact' - although the root is a mess). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *kàra ( ~ k`-)
Meaning: opposite, enemy
Russian meaning: противоположный, противник, враг
Comments: АПиПЯЯ 276, Мудрак Дисс. 89. Cf. *kéro. In PTM cf. perhaps *(x)arča- 'to meet, oppose (an animal during hunting)' (ТМС 1, 53) - a root that should be kept distinct from *ača- 'to meet'. In this case the reconstruction *k`àra should be preferred for PA. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *Kar-
Meaning: 1 opposite 2 be opposite, meet 3 bandit
Russian meaning: 1 противоположный 2 встречаться 3 разбойник
Old Turkic: qaršɨ (OUygh.) 1; qaraqčɨ (OUygh.) 3
Karakhanid: qaršu (MK, KB), qaršɨ (KB) 1, qaraqčɨ (KB) 3, qaraqla- (MK) 'to rob' Tatar: qaraq 3
Uzbek: qɛrɛqči 3
Turkmen: Garšɨ- 2; Garaq 3
Chuvash: xirǝś- 2; xorax 3
Yakut: xar, xār 1 (Пек.); xar-da 'retaliation'; xarɨs- 'to fight (with each other)' Dolgan: kar-da 'retaliation', karɨs- 'to fight'
Kirghiz: qaraqčɨ 3
Noghai: qaraq 3
Bashkir: qaraq 3
Karakalpak: qaraqšɨ 3
Kumyk: qaraq 3
Comments: VEWT 235, ЭСТЯ 5, 294-295, 326-327, Ашм. XVI, 219-220, Федотов 2, 365-366, Stachowski 139, 140. Chuv. xirǝś- may actually reflect a different root (see *gerüĺ-), or a contamination. Turk. qaršɨ > Mong. qarsi (Clark 1980, 41). Cf. also *Karma 'robbery'. turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-trm,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-krg,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *kar-
Meaning: 1 foreign, alien 2 to be related to, connected with
Russian meaning: 1 чужой, иностранный 2 иметь отношение к, быть связанным с
Written Mongolian: qari 1, qari-lča- 2 (L 937, 939) Khalkha: xaŕ 1, xarilca- 2
Buriat: xari 1, xarilsa- 2
Kalmuck: xäŕǝ 1
Ordos: xari 1, xarilčin, xarilčan 'mutually'
Comments: KW 171. Cf. also MMong. qarɣu-, qarɣa-, Kalm. χarɣǝ- 'to meet' (KW 169). monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *kàtà-
Meaning: enemy, opposite
Russian meaning: враг, противник
Middle Japanese: kàtàkjì
Tokyo: katakí
Kyoto: kátàkì
Kagoshima: katakí
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *kar_-
Meaning : anger, enmity
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-bra,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *kar_-
Meaning : anger, enmity
Tamil : kar_u (-pp-, -tt-)
Tamil meaning : to resent, get angry with; n. rancour, vengeful enmity
Tamil derivates : kar_ukar_u (-pp-, -tt-) to rage; kar_uttōr enemies; kar_uppu anger, displeasure; kar_umu (kar_umi-) to show signs of anger, be enraged; kar_uvam anger; kar_uval sign of anger; kar_uvu (kar_uvi-) to exhibit signs of displeasure; to rankle, entertain malice, implacable hatred; n. anger, wrath; enmity, hostility, hatred
Malayalam : kar_ukka
Malayalam meaning : to rage
Malayalam derivates : kar_ukar_ukka id., be beside oneself; kar_ukar_ē fiercely, intensely; kar_avu rage
Kannada : kar_upu, kar_uhu
Kannada meaning : envy
Kannada derivates : kar_ubu, kar_umbu to envy; n. envy; kar_uba an envious man; fem. kar_ubi; kar_ubatana the state of being an envious person, envy
Number in DED : 1396
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-kt,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *kar_
Meaning : enmity, anger
Toda : kar_
Number in DED : 1396
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-toda,ktet-dednum,
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Brahui etymology :
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Brahui : xar
Meaning : angry
Number in DED : 1396
braet-meaning,braet-prnum,braet-dednum,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : KVRV
Meaning : enemy
Reference : Suggested by V. Glumov.
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-reference,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *q̇araw-
Meaning: war, fight
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-egy,afaset-wch,afaset-cch,afaset-ech,
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Egyptian etymology :
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Old Egyptian: ḫrwyw
Meaning: 'war' BD
Notes: Partial reduplication.
egyet-prnum,egyet-meaning,egyet-notes,
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West Chadic etymology :
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Proto-WChadic: *ḳarw-
Meaning: 'fight'
Hausa: ḳááróó
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-hsa,
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Central Chadic etymology :
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Proto-CChadic: *ɣwara
Meaning: 'war'
Glavda: γwárá [Rp]
cchet-prnum,cchet-meaning,cchet-glv,
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East Chadic etymology :
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Proto-EChadic: *kuur-
Meaning: 'war' 1, 'fight' (v.) 2
Tumak: kǝraw 1 [Cp]
Kera: kúurı́ 1, 2 [Eb]
echet-prnum,echet-meaning,echet-tum,echet-ker,
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