Germanic etymology : List with all references

Proto-Germanic: *fíxu; *fíxa-n; *fáxaz

Meaning: cattle

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: fɛhu n. (u) `money. movable goods'

Old Norse: fē n. `Vieh, Besitz, Geld', Run. feu, fea `Name der Rune f'; fǟr n. `Schaf'

Norwegian: fe; fɔr `hilfloser Stümper'

Old Swedish: fār `Schaf'

Swedish: fä `Vieh'; fɔr `Schaf'

Old Danish: fä

Danish: fɔr `Schaf'

Old English: feoh (fioh), gen. fēos n. `cattle, living animals; tame beasts; property, wealth, money'

English: fee

Old Frisian: fiā n., m. `vee, bezit'

Old Saxon: fehu, fihu, fē n. `vee, bezit'

Middle Dutch: vee n. `vee, stuk vee'

Dutch: vee n.

Old Franconian: fē n. `vee, stuk vee', fiu n. `pecunia'

Middle Low German: vē `Vieh, Besitz',

Old High German: fihu n. `Nutztier, Tier, Besitz' (8.Jh.),

Middle High German: vihe, vëhe st. n. 'tier, vieh'

German: Vieh n.

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *pek-u- (IndoIr -k'-)

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: sheep

Old Indian: páśu-, paśú- m., gen. paśváḥ `cattle, domestic or sacrificial animal'

Avestan: pasu- `sheep, goats', pasuka- `Haustier'

Other Iranian: MPers pah 'sheep', Kurd pas 'sheep', Sogd psw 'Haustier', Osset fys, fus `ram, sheep', KhotSak pasa- `sheep, goats', Pashto psǝ́ 'id.'

Baltic: *pek-u n.

Germanic: *fíx-u- n.; *fíx-a- n.; *fáx-az- n.

Latin: pecū, dat. -ū, pl. pecua n. `Vieh (coll.)', pecus, gen. -oris n. `Vieh (coll.); Kleinvieh, Schaf'; pecus, gen. -udis f. `Vieh (einz. Stück)'

Russ. meaning: скот (овца, овцы)

References: WP II 16 f

Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *pek-u n.

Meaning: small cattle

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Old Lithuanian: pẽku-s '(Klein)vieh

Lithuanian: pẽku-s dial. `(Klein)vieh'

Old Prussian: pecku, peckan acc. `Vieh'

Pokorny's dictionary :

Number: 1465

Root: pek̂-2

English meaning: to fleece; cattle

German meaning: `Wolle oder Haare rupfen, zausen'

Derivatives: pék̂u- n. Gen., pek̂u̯-és `das Geschorene, Wolltier, Schaf', dann `Kleinvieh, Vieh überhaupt'; `Wolle, Fließ, auch Haar'; pok̂o-s `Fließ', pek̂os- ds.; pk̂-t-én- `Kamm'; von hier aus schon idg. ein Verbalstamm pek̂t- gebildet

Material: Ai. páśu-, paśú- n., Gen. paśváḥ; paśú- m. `Vieh'; av. pasu- m. `Vieh' (meist noch `Kleinvieh'), im Kompos. fśū̆-, -fśū̆-, womit ai. kšu-mā́n- `nahrungsreich', puru-kšú ds. (zweimal auch einfaches kśu) als Diss.-Formen für pśu- identisch; = lat. pecū, -ūs n. `Vieh', woneben pecus, -oris n. (formell = gr. τὸ πέκος), pecus, -ŭdis f. ds.; Ableitungen pecūnia `Geld', pecūlium `Handgeld, Taschengeld'; umbr. pequo Pl. n. `pecua'; = got. faíhu `Besitz, Vermögen', aisl. fē, ags. feoh, as. fehu, ahd. fihu `Vieh'; = lit. pekus, apr. pecku `Vieh' (westidg. Gutt.); got. bi-, ga-faíhon `übervorteilen' sind nach W. Wissmann (Die ältesten Postverbalia 79 ff.) Denominativa von faíhu, und bi-faíh `Betrug' ist Nomen postverbale;

arm. asr, Gen. asu `Schafwolle, Fließ', asveɫ `wollig' (*pok̂u + r, mit а aus о in offenerAnlautsilbe); gr. πέκω (= lit. pešù), πέκτω (= lat. pectō, ahd. fehtan), πεκτέω `kämme, schere', πέκος n. `Fließ, Wolle', πόκος m.; `Fließ', κτείς, κτενός `Kamm' (aus schwundst. *πκτεν-; lat. pecten);

alb. pilë `Werkzeug zum Flachskämmen, -hecheln' (*pek̂lā); lat. pectō, -ere, pexī `kämmen', pecten, -inis `Kamm', umbr. petenata `pectinatam'; ahd. as. fehtan, ags. feohtan `fechten'; ahd. as. fahs, ags. feax `(Haupt)-haar', aisl. fax `Mähne' (*-pok̂-s-o-, vgl. den es-St. πέκος), aisl. fǣr, aschwed. fār `Schaf' (*fahaz = πόκος), aschwed. fǣt (*fahti-) `Wolle, Fließ', ags. feht `Fließ', ndl. vacht f. `Wolle, Schur', ags. fihl `pannus'; lit. pešù, pèšti `rupfen, an den Haaren zausen', Iter. pašýti, susipẽšti `sich raufen'.

Hierher wohl ai. pakṣ-man- n. `Augenwimpern, Haar', pakṣ-malá- `mit starken Augenwimpern, dichthaarig', av. pašna- n. `Augenlid', vgl. in nicht so spezialisierter Bed. np. pašm `Wolle'.

References: WP. II 16 f., WH. 11 269 f., 270 ff., Trautmann 217, Specht KZ 68, 205 ff.

Pages: 797

PIE database: PIE database

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ṗVḳV ??

Meaning: cattle

Indo-European: *pek'-u- [if not < NC *bhä̆ƛ̣wĭ]

Altaic: *p`ŏk`i (-ŕV) ( ~-e)

References: МССНЯ 365, ОСНЯ 3, 126-128; ND 1681 *ṗoḲü 'pack, wild cattle'

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *p`ŏk`i (-ŕV) ( ~-e)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: ox, cow

Russian meaning: бык, корова

Turkic: *öküŕ

Mongolian: *hüker

Tungus-Manchu: *puKur / *puKun

Comments: Владимирцов 322, Poppe 12, 56, ОСНЯ 3, 126-128, Цинциус 1984, 46. Щербак 1997, 131, TMN 1, 539. A Western isogloss. Doerfer MT 67 (following Sinor 1962, Poppe 1966, 198, 1972, 99) would wish Mong. to be borrowed < Turk. and TM < Mong.; phonology, however, speaks plainly against it.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *öküŕ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: ox

Russian meaning: бык, вол

Old Turkic: öküz (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: öküz (MK)

Turkish: öküz

Tatar: ugĭz

Middle Turkic: öküz (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: họkiz

Uighur: öküz, höküz

Sary-Yughur: kus

Azerbaidzhan: öküz

Turkmen: ökiz, öküz

Chuvash: vъʷgъʷr

Yakut: oɣus

Dolgan: ogus

Kirghiz: ögüz

Kazakh: ögĭz

Noghai: ögiz

Bashkir: ugĭδ

Balkar: ögüz

Gagauz: jöküz

Karaim: oküz, ögüz

Karakalpak: ögiz

Kumyk: ögüz

Comments: EDT 120, VEWT 370, ЭСТЯ 1, 521-523, Лексика 439, Stachowski 190. Clauson 1959 derives the form from Tokh. B okso (corrected to Tokh. A in EDT); justly refuted by Doerfer TMN 1, 539 because of original *p-. Turk. (Bulg.) > Hung. ökör, see Gombocz 1912, MNyTESz 3, 23.