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Indo-European etymology :

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Proto-IE: *ap- <PIH *a->
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Meaning: to clench, to tie round
Hittite: ep(p)- / ap(p)- 'fassen' (Tischler 107-108)
Old Indian: āpnóti `to reach, meet, fall upon'
Avestan: apayeiti `erreicht'
Latin: apīscor `erreiche, erlange', coēpī `habe angefangen', apere `comprehendere vinculo, ritu flaminum adligare', aptus `angefügt, verbunden, angepasst', ? ammentum `der in Schlingeform in der Mitee des Wurfriemens befestigte Wurfriemen; Schuhriemen'
Russ. meaning: обхватить, обвязать
References: WP I 46
Comments: Greek háptō `anheften, (an)knüpfen, anzünden', háptomai̯ `anfassen, berühren', haphǟ́ `das Anzünde, das Berühren, der Griff etc.', hápsos n. `Verbindung', hámma n. `Schlinge, Knoten, Band', háptrǟ f. `Docht einer Lampe' < *sabh- or *jabh-.
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-comment,

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Pokorny's dictionary :

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Number: 96
Root: ap-1 (richtiger ǝp-) : ēp-
English meaning: to take, grab, reach
German meaning: `fassen, nehmen, erreichen'
Material: Ai. āpnṓti `erreicht, erlangt', jünger āptá-ḥ `geschickt, geeignet, vertraut'; av. apayeiti `erreicht', 3. Pl. āpǝnte aus *āpu̯antai;

    arm. unim `besitze' (*ōp-n-?), ǝnd-unim `erlange';

    gr. ἅπτω `anfassen, anheften, anbinden, anzünden', ἅπτεσθαι `berühren', ἁφή `Berührung, Haften usw.' wird trotz dem Spiritus hierherzustellen sein. Kretschmer Gl. 7, 352 nimmt Beeinflussung durch ἕπω an; hom. ἀφάω (ἁφάω) `berühre, betaste', ion. ἀφάσσω ds., hom. ἀπαφίσκω, ἤπαφον (mit äol. o: ἀποφει̃ν ἀπατη̃σαι Hes.) `betrügen, tauschen', ἀποφώλιος `trügerisch', κατηφής `niedergeschlagen' (eigentl. `untergekriegt'). Pedersen KZ. 39, 428 stellt mit gr. ἅπτω arm. ap` `die hohle Hand' (o-St., doch Lok. y-ap`i als -i-St., also wohl ätler neutr. -os-St.) zusammen, welches Wort dem gr. ἅψος `Gelenk' entsprechen soll; wegen des p` (= idg. ph) jedoch unsicher (vgl. Meillet BSL. 36, 110);

    lat. apīscor `fasse, erreiche', adipīscor `erlange', coēpi `habe angefangen', später coepī. Der Zusammenhang mit lat. *apiō, *apere `comprehendere vinculo, verbinden, umbinden' (imper. ape `prohibe, compesce'), aptus `verknüpft, ausgestattetmit', cōpula (co-apula) `Band' steht wohl fest. Vielleicht ist von einer gemeinsamen Grundbedeutung `fassen, zusammenfassen' auszugehen.

    Auch lat. apud `bei' wird am besten hierherzustellen sein. Die Grundbedeutung wäre `in naher Verbindung' (vgl. juxtā). Man hat vom Part. Perf. neutr. *apu̯od (aus *apu̯ot `erreicht habend') auszugehen. Die Nebenform apor, apur (mars.-lat. apur finem) weist auf ursprüngl. -d;

    lat. apex, -icis `Spitze', bes. `stabartiger Aufsatz auf der Priestermütze', gehört vielleicht zu *apiō; vgl. auch EM. 60;

    toch. A oppäc̨c̨i `geschickt' (Van Windekens Lexique 82);

    hitt. e-ip-mi (ē̆pmi) `nehme', 3. Pl. ap-pa-an-zi (apanzi).

    Über ai. āpí- `Freund', gr. ἤπιoς `freundlich' s. u. ēpi-.

References: WP. I 45 f., WH. I 57 f., 60, 847, Pedersen Hitt. 128, Couvreur H̯ 93.
Pages: 50-51
PIE database: PIE database
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,

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Nostratic etymology :

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Eurasiatic: *HaṗV
Meaning: to grasp
Borean: Borean
Altaic: *ùp`í
Uralic: FL *appV- 'to scoop, eat voraciously'
Kartvelian: *qp- (+ Georg. χaṗ- 'scoop out liquid')
References: ND 1879 *qVpʕV 'seize, hold'; 1844 *qabʔV 'to scoop, draw water' (hardly distinguishable).
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-reference,

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Altaic etymology :

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Proto-Altaic: *ùp`í
Nostratic: Nostratic
Meaning: to grasp
Russian meaning: хватать
Turkic: *üp
Mongolian: *(h)öb
Korean: *op- / *up-
Japanese: *ùmpà-p-
Comments: Despite VEWT 522, hardly borrowed in Turkic < Mongolian; the reverse direction is possible, but semantics of the Mong. word speaks rather against it.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,

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Turkic etymology :

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Proto-Turkic: *üp
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 to rob, snatch, abduct 2 trophies, treasures
Russian meaning: 1 похищать, грабить 2 трофеи, сокровища
Karakhanid: üple- 1 (MK)
Shor: öp 2
Oyrat: üp 2
Yakut: üp 2
Tuva: üp 2, üpte- 1
Kirghiz: üp 2
Comments: EDT 11, ЭСТЯ 1, 634-635, VEWT 521-522.
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-jak,turcet-tuv,turcet-krg,turcet-reference,

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Mongolian etymology :

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Proto-Mongolian: *(h)öb
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: share, allotted part, inheritance
Russian meaning: надел, доля, наследство
Written Mongolian: öb (L 627)
Khalkha: öv
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,

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Korean etymology :

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Proto-Korean: *op- / *up-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: to pick out, dig out
Russian meaning: вытаскивать, выкапывать
Modern Korean: obi-, ubi-
Middle Korean: upui-, upɨi-
Comments: Liu 593, KED 1201, 1239.
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,

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Japanese etymology :

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Proto-Japanese: *ùmpà-p-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: to grasp, seize
Russian meaning: хватать, захватывать
Old Japanese: ubap-
Middle Japanese: ubaf-
Tokyo: ubá-
Kyoto: úbá-
Kagoshima: ubá-
Comments: JLTT 777. The accent in Kagoshima is aberrant.
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,

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Kartvelian etymology :

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Proto-Kartvelian: *qp-
Nostratic: Nostratic
Russian meaning: кусать
English meaning: to bite
Svan: qǝp- / qp-
Notes and references: Иллич-Свитыч (МССHЯ 371) сравнивает основу с ПИЕ *Hap- 'хватать, брать', алт. *abu / *apu id.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-sva,kartet-notes,

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Long-range etymologies :

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Borean (approx.) : HVPV
Meaning : to grasp
Eurasiatic : *HaṗV
Afroasiatic : *qafVʕ-
Austric : *ʔVp 'embrace'
Reference : ND 1844, 1879.
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-austr,globet-reference,

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Afroasiatic etymology :

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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *qafVʕ-
Meaning: hold
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
Semitic: *ḫVpw/y- 'pack'
Egyptian: ḫfʕ 'catch, grasp, pack' (pyr)
Western Chadic: *k/gaf- 'grasp, seize'1, 'tongs' 2
Dahalo (Sanye): ḥap- 'snatch quickly'
Notes: In Sem, ḥ and ʕ are incompatible.
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-egy,afaset-wch,afaset-dhl,afaset-notes,

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Semitic etymology :

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Number: 1882
Proto-Semitic: *ḫVpw/y-
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: 'pack' 1, 'cover' 2, 'conceal' 3
Akkadian: ḫapû 1
Hebrew: ḥpy 2
Arabic: ḫpy 3
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-akk,semet-hbr,semet-ara,

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Egyptian etymology :

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Old Egyptian: ḫfʕ (pyr)
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: 'catch, grasp, pack'
Notes: Cf. also h_fʕ 'fist' (pyr).
egyet-prnum,egyet-meaning,egyet-notes,

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West Chadic etymology :

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Proto-WChadic: *k/ga/uf-
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: 'grasp, seize' 1, 'catch' 2, 'take a handful of' 3
Hausa: kaf 'security of hold' 1, gāp 2 'tongs'
Tangale: kɔɔbe 2 [JgT]
Pa'a: ḳǝfā̀ 3 [MS]
Geji: goop-ti 1, 2 [Cs N 783]
Mangas: kwup 1 [Cs]
Sayanchi: ŋgap 1 [Cs]
Boghom: kúp 1, 2 [Cs N 783]
Dwot: kap-ti 1, 2 [Cs N 783]
Ngizim: gàfáu 1 [ShN]
Bade: gaf 1 [Kr N ]
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-hsa,wchet-tng,wchet-paa,wchet-gej,wchet-mng,wchet-say,wchet-bgh,wchet-dwo,wchet-ngz,wchet-bad,

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Dahalo etymology :

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Dahalo: ḥap-
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: snatch quickly
dhlet-prnum,dhlet-meaning,

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Austric etymology :

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Proto-Austric: *ʔVp
Meaning: to embrace
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
Proto-Austroasiatic: ʔVp
Austroasiatic meaning: embrace
Proto-Thai: ʔo:p to embrace CK
austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-tai,

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Austro-Asiatic etymology :

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Proto-Austro-Asiatic: ʔVp
Meaning: embrace
Austric etymology: Austric etymology
Thai: ʔo:p to embrace CK
Proto-Katuic: *ʔo:p
Khmer: ʔaop < OK ʔaup
aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-thai,aaet-kat,aaet-kmr,

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Katuic etymology :

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Proto-Katuic: *ʔo:p
Meaning: to hug, cover up
Presyllable: #
Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology
Proto-West Katuic: KUI ʔo:p.N
Proto-East Katuic: *ʔo:p / *ʔop
References: P-1235
katet-meaning,katet-prpr,katet-prnum,katet-wkat,katet-ekat,katet-bibref,

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West Katuic etymology :

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Proto-West Katuic:
Meaning: to hug, cover up
Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology
Kui: ʔɔ:p.N
Kui meaning: to embrace, hug
Kuay: ʔɔ:p.N
Kuay meaning: embrace
Ngeu: ʔo:p.N
Ngeu meaning: embrace
wkatet-meaning,wkatet-prnum,wkatet-kui,wkatet-kuime,wkatet-kuay,wkatet-kuayme,wkatet-ngeu,wkatet-nyeume,

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East Katuic etymology :

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Proto-East Katuic: *ʔɔ:p / *ʔop
Meaning: to hug, cover up
Presyllable: kǝ-/#
Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology
Pakoh: ʔop.T
Pakoh meaning: to cover over; ʔup to cover
Katu dialects (1): ʔaʔɔ:p
Katu dialects (2): kaʔɔ:p
Katu dialects (3): kaʔɔ:p "embrace"
Katu meaning: hen sits on eggs
ekatet-meaning,ekatet-epre,ekatet-prnum,ekatet-pak,ekatet-pakme,ekatet-and,ekatet-hka,ekatet-hkv,ekatet-katme,

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Khmer etymology :

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Khmer: ʔaop
Meaning: to hold with both arms
Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology
Old Khmer: ʔaup
Old Khmer Meaning: to embrace
References: P57, JP432
kmret-meaning,kmret-prnum,kmret-okh,kmret-okmean,kmret-ref,

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