Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *wel-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to see

Tokharian: B yel- 'investigate' (Adams 507)

Germanic: *wlī́-t-a- vb.; *wli-t-u- c., n.; *wlai-t-ō f., *wlai-t-ia- n.

Latin: voltus / vultus, -ūs m. `Gesichtsausdruck, Miene, Aussehen, Gestalt'

Celtic: OIr fil `es gibt' ( = voici ); filis i.seallais `vidit', Cymr gweled `sehen', Bret guelet `la vue', OIr fili, gen. filed `Seher, Dichter'

Russ. meaning: видеть

References: WP I 293 f

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *wlī́tan- vb.; *wlitu-z; *wlitu; *wlaitō, *wlaitia-n

Meaning: see, look

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: *wlaitōn wk. `look around'; wlit-s m. `face, appearance'

Old Norse: līta st. `sehen, schauen'; lit-r, pl. acc. litu `Farbe; Aussehen, Gestalt; Schönheit'; lit n. `Gesicht, Blick' (poet.); leit f. `Suche; Zweck'; leiti n. `Hügel der Ausblick verhindert oder verleiht'

Norwegian: lita `schauen, gehorchen'; leit; leite `Hügel der Ausblick verhindert oder verleiht; Zeitpunkt, Gesichtsweite'

Old English: wlītan `sehen, schauen'; wlite `Aussehen; Glanz', wlitu f. `Form, Art'

Old Frisian: wlite `Angesicht, Aussehen'

Old Saxon: wliti `Glanz, Aussehen, Gestalt'

Pokorny's dictionary :

Number: 2126

Root: u̯el-1

English meaning: to see

German meaning: `sehen'

Derivatives: u̯l̥-tu- `Aussehen'

Material: Lat. voltus, vultus, -ūs m. `Gesichtsausdruck, Miene, Aussehen, Gestalt' (*vl̥-tu-) stellt sich zu ir. fil `es gibt', alter Imper. *u̯ele (vgl. frz. voici!), cymr. gweled `sehen', bret. guelet `la vue', air. fili (Gen. filed, vorir. Ogam VELITAS) `Seher, Dichter' (*u̯elēts); der Name der germ. Seherin Veleda; im Germ. erscheint eine wohl von *u̯el- abgeleitete Wz. *u̯leid- (*u̯l-ei-d-): got. anda-wleizn n. (?) `Angesicht', aisl. līta, ags. wlītan `sehen, schauen'; schwundstufig got.wlits `Angesicht, Gestalt', aisl. litr (Akk. Pl. litu) `Aussehen, Farbe', as. wliti `Glanz, Aussehen, Gestalt', afries. wlite `Angesicht, Aussehen', ags. wlite ds., auch `Glanz', wlitu f. `Form, Art'; o-stufig das Kausativ got. wlaiton, aisl. leita (*wlaitōn) `sich umsehen nach, suchen' (wozu als Postverbale leit f. `das Suchen', Wissmann Nom. Postverb. 1, 11), ags. wlatian ds.;

    auch germ. *wulþu- m. `Herrlichkeit' (`*Ansehen'): got. wulþus `Herrlichkeit', aisl. Ullr (*wulþuz) `Göttername', ags. wuldor `gloria', vgl. got. wulþrs `Wert', wulþriza `herrlicher'; weiter wulþags `ἔνδοξος'.

References: WP. I 293, WH. II 831.

Pages: 1136-1137

PIE database: PIE database

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ŋwElV

Meaning: to be afraid

Altaic: *ŋēlu 'страх, бояться'

Uralic: ? *nolV

Dravidian: *veḷ- [if not to *belHi 27]

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *ŋḕlu

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: fright, be afraid

Russian meaning: страх, бояться

Turkic: *jAl-

Tungus-Manchu: *ŋēle-

Korean: *nōr-ra-

Japanese: *ùrà-m-

Comments: Menges 1984, 279-280 (Kor.-TM). Despite Doerfer MT 21, TM cannot be borrowed from Mong. gelme- (which, despite Poppe 25 and АПиПЯЯ 18, is probably unrelated at all).

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *jAl-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to be afraid 2 to suspect, slander 3 slander

Russian meaning: 1 бояться 2 подозревать, клеветать 3 клевета

Old Turkic: jala 3 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: jala- 2, jala 3 (MK)

Turkish: jɨl- 1, Osm. jal-

Tatar: jala 3

Middle Turkic: jala 3 (MKypch. - CCum.)

Oyrat: d'ala 'fine, charge'

Yakut: jula 3

Kirghiz: ǯala 3, ǯala- 2

Kazakh: žala 3

Noghai: jala 3

Bashkir: jala 3

Karakalpak: žala 3

Comments: VEWT 200, EDT 918-919, ЭСТЯ 4, 87, Федотов 2, 483.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *ŋēle-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to be scared, frightened

Russian meaning: бояться, пугаться

Evenki: ŋēle-

Even: ŋēl-

Negidal: ŋēle-

Spoken Manchu: gelǝ- (1886)

Literary Manchu: gele-

Ulcha: ŋele-

Orok: ŋēle-

Nanai: ŋele-

Oroch: ŋēle-

Udighe: ŋele-

Solon: nēle-

Comments: ТМС 1, 667-669.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *nōr-ra-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: be startled, frightened, terrified

Russian meaning: пугаться

Modern Korean: nolla-

Middle Korean: nōrrá-

Comments: Liu 158, KED 348.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *ùrà-m-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to resent, regret

Russian meaning: обижаться, сожалеть

Old Japanese: uramu-

Middle Japanese: ùràm-

Tokyo: urám-

Kyoto: úrám-

Kagoshima: ùràm-

Comments: JLTT 779. Cf. also *ùriàp-, OJ urep- 'to grieve'.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 1449

Proto: *nolV

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: lazy

German meaning: faul

Finnish: nolo 'verdutzt, verblüfft; Faulenzer' ?

Mordovian: nola (M) 'faul, (MoRS) лентяй' ?

Addenda: Kar. nolo 'faul; niedergeschlagen, traurig'

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *veḷ-

Meaning : to be ashamed, afraid

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *veḷk-

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *veḷk-

Meaning : ashamed; afraid

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : veḷku (veḷki-)

Tamil meaning : to be ashamed, be coy, bashful, fear, shudder, be perplexed

Tamil derivates : veṭku (veṭki-) to be ashamed, be bashful, be afraid; veṭkam, vekkam shame, modesty, bashfulness, coyness; vaṭku (vaṭki-) to be ashamed, be shy, bashful; n. shame, shyness, modesty; viḷi (-v-, -nt-) to be overcome with shame; viḷivu shame

Malayalam : veḷkka

Malayalam meaning : to be ashamed, afraid

Malayalam derivates : vekkam shame

Kannada : beḷkar_

Kannada meaning : to become afraid, fear

Kannada derivates : (K2) beḷkane to turn pale through fear

Tulu : boḷcuni

Tulu meaning : to shy, start aside suddenly as an animal

Tulu derivates : boḷci, boḷcelụ shyness, starting aside, suddenly; boḷcāvuni to make shy; boḷaccelụ shying

Proto-Nilgiri : *ve(ḷ)k-

Notes : Tamil vaṭku and viḷi are unclear.

Number in DED : 5500

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *ve(ḷ)k-

Meaning : feeling of modesty, shame

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : vekm (obl. vekt-)

Number in DED : 5500

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