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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ṭ[u]
Meaning: 2nd person pronoun, thou
Dravidian: *-ti ending of 2d p.
References: ND 2312 *ṭ[ü], 2312a *ṭ[ü]ʔa. nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-esk,nostret-chuk,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *te-, *towe-, *tū
Meaning: pron. pers. 2 sg.
Hittite: -ta, -du- 'dir, dich', -ti- 'dein', tuel (G.), tuedaz (Abl.), tuk, tukka 'dir, dich', zik, zigga 'du' (Friedrich 201, 223, 226, 227, 260)
Tokharian: A tu, B tuwe (PT *tuwe) 'thou' (Adams 302)
Old Indian: tú, tū, t(u)vám; te
Avestan: encl. tū, gath. tvǝ̄m, jav. tūm; poss. tava, gath. ɵwa-
Other Iranian: OPers tuvam
Armenian: du
Old Greek: sǘ, dor. tǘ; hom. tū́nē, lak. tū́nē, boeot. tūn; poss. hom., ion., att. só-, hom., lesb., dor. teó-, boeot. tió-; dat. toi
Latin: tū, poss. tuus; tē
Other Italic: Osk tuvai 'tuae'; Umbr tover 'tui'
Celtic: { OIr tū, tussu, -sso, Cymr usw. ti }
Albanian: ti, poss. üt, acc. tɛnt
Russ. meaning: 2 ед.
piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-iran,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-ital,piet-celt,piet-alb,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: ты
Near etymology: -- местоим., укр. ти, блр. ты, др.-русск. ты, ст.-слав. ты σύ, болг. ти, сербохорв. ти̑, словен. tî, чеm., слвц. tу, польск. tу, в.-луж., н.-луж. tу.
Further etymology: И.-е. *tū и *tu:лит. tù "ты", лтш. tu, др.-прусск. tou, tu, др.-инд. tvám, tuvam "ты", авест. энкл. tū, также tvǝm, др.-перс. tuvam, греч. σύ (где σ из tv- косвенных пп.), дор. τύ, лат. tū, др.-ирл. tú, гот. þu "ты", алб. ti (*tū), тохар. tu; см. Бругман, Grdr. 2, 2, 383 и сл.; Траутман, ВSW 331 и сл.; Арr. Sprd. 451; М.--Э. 4, 254 и сл.; И. Шмидт, Pluralb. 220; Уленбек; Aind. Wb. 113, 118. Отсюда произведено ты́кать "говорить ты", укр. ти́кати, блр. ты́каць, чеш. tykati, слвц. tуkаt᾽, польск. tykać, а также тыка́лка "тот, кто сваливает вину с себя на других", смол. (Добровольский), буквально "тот, кто тыкает, говорит ты".
Pages: 4,130
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-pages,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *tū̂, -tei, *taw-
Meaning: thou
Lithuanian: tù 'du', Lith encl. dat. -ti, -t; poss. tãva-, f. tava,
Lettish: tu 'du', poss. tavs, f. tava;
Old Prussian: toū, encl. tu 'du'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,baltet-oprus,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *ɵū, *ɵu; *ɵiki
Meaning: thou
Gothic: ɵu (*ɵū)
Old Norse: ɵū
Old English: ɵū̆
English: thou
Old Saxon: thū̆
Middle Low German: dū
Old High German: thū (8.Jh.)
Middle High German: dū̆
German: du; dir; dich
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-onord,germet-oengl,germet-engl,germet-osax,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 2047
Root: tū̆
English meaning: thou
German meaning: `du'
Grammatical comments: Gen. t(e)u̯e, Dat. toi, tebh(e)i, Akk. te; Stämme tū̆-, teu̯o-, teu̯e-, tu̯o-, tu̯e- und te-
Material: 1. Ai. tú, tū́ `doch' (zur hervorhebenden und auffordernden Partikel geworden), av. tū ds., enkl. `du'; ar. *tuu̯-ám (nach ai. ahám) in ai. tuvám, tvám, gthav. tvǝ̄m, jav. tūm, ap. tuvam `du'; arm.du `du'; gr. dor. τύ, hom. ion. att. σύ (σ- aus den Kas. obl., wo σ- aus τ-), hom. τύ̄νη, lak. τούνη, böot. τουν (nach ἐγώ-ν, -νη); alb. ti (*tū); lat. tū; air. tū (*tŭ oder *tū), tu-ssu, -sso (*tŭ) `du', cymr. ti usw. (*tū); got. þu, aisl. þū und suffig. þu, þo, as. thū, ahd. dū, du; lit. tù (*tū oder *tŭ?), apr. tou (*tū) `du'; aksl. ty; toch. A tu, В t(u)we, hitt. zik, zikka `du'(*tega aus *te + *egō), tuk, tukka `dir, dich', enklit. -du- (*tu) und -ta (*te oder *toi) `dir, dich';
2. idg. *teu̯e- `dein', kelt. *tou̯e in air. toī, mcymr. teu `das Deinige', vortonig kelt. *tou > air. do `dein', cymr. dy, corn. the, bret. da ds.; hitt. -ti- `dein'.
3. Possessivum teu̯o-s, tu̯o-s: ai. tvá-ḥ, gthav. ɵwa-, av. tava-, hom. ion. att. σός (*τός), hom. lesb. dor. τεός, böot. τιός (*τεός); alb. y-t, Akk. tën-t (Verschmelzung des Artikels mit dem Poss.); lat. tuus (aus *tovos), umbr. tover `tui', osk. tuvai `tuae'; lit. tãvas, aksl. tvojь.
References: WP. I 745, WH. II 712, Trautmann 315, 331, Jackson Lang and Hist. 657, Mayrhofer 1, 507, Vasmer 3, 102 f., Pedersen Hittitisch p. 58.
Pages: 1097-1098
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-grammar,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *t`i
Meaning: thou
Russian meaning: ты
Comments: Mongolian has alone preserved the Nostratic 2d p. stem *t`i; other Altaic languages have retained only the other stem *si (*si̯a), with the oblique stem *nV.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-mong,altet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *či, *ta
Meaning: 1 thou 2 you (pl.)
Russian meaning: 1 ты 2 вы (мн.)
Written Mongolian: či 1, činu (gen.), ta 2
Middle Mongolian: či, čino (gen.) (HY 31, SH), či, čenäi (gen.) (IM), či, činu, čini (gen.) (MA) 1, ta, tano (gen.) 2 (SH) Khalkha: či, činij (gen.) 1, ta 2
Buriat: ši, šenī (gen.) 1, ta, tānar, tānad 2
Kalmuck: či, činǝ (gen.) 1, tadṇ 2
Ordos: či, čini (gen.) 1, ta 2
Dongxian: čǝ (čɨ), čǝni, čǝji (gen.), ta 2
Baoan: čǝ (či), čǝnǝ (gen.), čose ~ čase (Abl.) 1, ta 2
Shary-Yoghur: čǝ 1, ta 2
Monguor: ći, ćini (gen.) (SM 441, 450) 1, ta (SM 404) 2 Mogol: či-, činɛi (gen.) 1, to 2; ZM či, činei (gen.) (26-3, 26-10a) monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-bao,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-mogh,monget-reference,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 1097
Proto: *tE
English meaning: thou
German meaning: du
Finnish: sinä (gen. sinun) 'du'
Estonian: sina (gen. sinu)
Saam (Lapp): dǭn (dū-) ~ dǫn (du-) (N), Dåtnɛ (Wfs.), tonn, ton (T Kld. Not. A)
Mordovian: ton (E M)
Mari (Cheremis): tǝń (KB), tǝ̑j, tǝ̑jǝ̑ (U), tǝ̑ń, tǝ̑j (B)
Udmurt (Votyak): ton (S K G) (gen. ti̮nad (S), tǝ̑nad (K), tị̑nad (G))
Komi (Zyrian): te (S P PO)
Hungarian: të (acc. tégëd)
Enets (Yen): tod́i
Nganasan (Tawgi): tannaŋ
Selkup: tat (Ta. B Ty), tan (Ke.)
Kamass: tan
Addenda: Koib. танъ; Mot. танъ
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-saa,uralet-mrd,uralet-mar,uralet-udm,uralet-kom,uralet-ugr,uralet-enc,uralet-nga,uralet-slk,uralet-kam,uralet-add,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *(ś)tkwen
Russian meaning: вы; ваш
English meaning: you; your
Georgian: tkwen
Georgian meaning (Rus.): вы, ваш
Georgian meaning (Engl.): you; your
Megrel: tkwa(n)
Megrel meaning (Rus.): вы, ваш
Megrel meaning (Eng.): you; your
Svan: sgäj 'you', isgwe(j) 'your'
Laz: tkwa(n)
Laz meaning (Rus.): вы, ваш
Laz meaning (Eng.): you, your
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 176, EWK 167 (*tkwen-). Не исключено, что сванский указывает на необходимость реконструкции *(ś)tke(n)- "вы" : *(ś)tkwen- 'ваш', а -w- в прямой основе в прочих языках вторично и получено по аналогии. Характер начального *ś- неясен. Основа *tk(w)en- < *tVH-Vn- < ностр. *ṭi(H)- "ты, вы". Иллич-Свитыч (ОСНЯ 1, 7) восстанавливает *ṭä 'вы' на основании монг. ta, урал. *tä и и.-е. -te (аффикс мн. числа). В и.-е. скорее имеем *-tHe (ср. др.-инд. -tha), что хорошо соотносится с картвельской формой. См. Долгопольский....
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-grmean,kartet-egrmean,kartet-meg,kartet-mgmean,kartet-emgmean,kartet-sva,kartet-laz,kartet-lzmean,kartet-elzmean,kartet-notes,
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Eskimo etymology :
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Proto-Eskimo: *ǝɫ-vǝr, *ǝɫ-vǝci
Meaning: pers. pron. 2sg. "thou", 2pl. "you"
Russian meaning: личн. мест. 2 ед. "ты", 2 мн. "вы"
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 106
esqet-prnum,esqet-meaning,esqet-rmean,esqet-yup,esqet-inup,esqet-refer,
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Yupik etymology :
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Proto-Yupik: *ǝɫ-vǝr, *ǝɫ-vǝci
Meaning: pers. pron. 2sg. "thou", 2pl. "you"
Russian Meaning: личн. мест. 2 ед. "ты", 2 мн. "вы"
Sirenik: ɫpi, //ǝɫpi [Orr] 2sg., ɫpǝ́si 2pl.
Chaplino: ɫpǝk 2sg., ɫpǝ́si 2pl.
Naukan: ǝɫpǝ́k 2sg., ǝɫpǝ́si 2pl.
Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: ǝɫpǝt 2sg., ǝɫpǝci 2pl.
Chugach (Birket-Smith): äɫpät 2sg., äɫpitik 2du., äɫpici 2pl.
Central Alaskan Yupik: ǝɫpǝt 2sg., ǝɫpǝtǝk 2sg., ǝɫpǝci 2pl.
Nunivak (Peripheral): iɫpöt* 2sg., ɫpitik* 2du., ɫpitci* 2pl.
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 106
yupet-prnum,yupet-mean,yupet-rmean,yupet-sir,yupet-chap,yupet-nauk,yupet-aay,yupet-chgm,yupet-cay,yupet-nun,yupet-ced,
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Inupik etymology :
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Proto-Inupik: *ǝl-vit/n, *ǝl-ǝvci
Meaning: pers. pron. 2sg. "thou", 2pl. "you"
Russian meaning: личн. мест. 2 ед. "ты", 2 мн. "вы"
Seward Peninsula Inupik: ivlin 2sg., ilipsi 2pl.
SPI Dialects: Imaq ivlín 2sg., ilípsi 2pl., W ilvin* 2sg., iliptik* 2du., ilipsi* 2pl.
North Alaskan Inupik: ɨl(i)vic 2sg., ɨlifsɨk 2du., ɨlifsi 2pl.
NAI Dialects: B, Ingl ilvit* 2sg., iliptik* 2du., ilipsi* 2pl., Qaw ilvin 2sg.
Western Canadian Inupik: ilvit 2sg., ilipsi 2pl.
WCI Dialects: Cor ilvik* 2sg., iliptik* 2du., ilipsi* 2pl., M ilvit* 2sg., iliptik* 2du., ilipsi* 2pl., Net ilvit, ivrit 2sg., Car iɣvit, ilvit 2sg., [B.-S.]: Net itvin, Car idwin 2sg., [Ras.] isfit 2sg., [Briggs] ivrit 2sg., Cop iliffi 2pl.
Eastern Canadian Inupik: ivvit 2sg., ilitsi 2pl.
ECI Dialects: Cape Dorset iɣvit 2sg.
Greenlandic Inupik: iɫɫit (ivdlit*) 2sg., ilissi* 2pl.
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 106
inupet-prnum,inupet-meaning,inupet-rmean,inupet-spi,inupet-spis,inupet-nai,inupet-nais,inupet-wci,inupet-wcis,inupet-eci,inupet-ecis,inupet-gri,inupet-ced,
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Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology :
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Proto-Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *turi, *tŭrɣǝ-
Meaning (Rus.): вы
kamet-prnum,kamet-meaning,kamet-chuk,kamet-itel,
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Chukchee-Koryak etymology :
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Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *turi, *turɣǝ-
Meaning (Rus.): личн. мест. 2sg. "вы"
Chukchee: túri, túrǝk loc., túrɣǝ-
Koryak: tuj-i du., tuj-u pl., tujǝk loc., tucɣǝ-
Palan: tur-i du., tur-u(wwi) pl., turǝ̀-kki loc., turɣǝ-
Alutor: tur-i du., tur-u(wwi) pl., turɣǝ-
chuket-prnum,chuket-meaning,chuket-chu,chuket-kor,chuket-pal,chuket-alu,
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Itelmen etymology :
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Proto-Itelmen: *tuźa/ *tiźɣin-
Meaning (Rus.): мест. личн. 2pl вы
Itelmen: tuza('n) (tizɣ-in, tǝ̆zz-in, tz-in poss.) 1, tzi-lwin 2
Itelmen meaning: вы 1, вы сами 2
West Itelmen: tuza (tǝzu̯ǝ-nke adr., tǝ/ɨzɣu̯i-nk abl.) 1, tɨzǝ-lɣu̯in 2
West Itelmen meaning: vos 1, vos ipsi 2
West Itelmen meaning (Polish): wy 1, wy sami 2
Number in Volodin 1976: 169, 175
Stebnitsky reference: 92
itelet-prnum,itelet-meaning,itelet-ite,itelet-itemea,itelet-wit,itelet-witmea,itelet-witmep,itelet-vol,itelet-steb,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : TV
Meaning : thou [2nd p. pronoun]
Afroasiatic : *-tV 'thou'; 2d p. prefix/ending
Sino-Caucasian : PEC *dū 'thou' (dative base)
Amerind (misc.) : *ti 'thou' (actually only Alg. *-Vt, Bora ti-) ?
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-amer,globet-reference,
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