Basque etymology : List with all references

Notes: The vocalic reconstruction is not very certain because of labialisation shifts; length is postulated primarily on basis of WC evidence (if the PAA voiced stops really go back to strong stops in PWC). Consonantal correspondences are more or less regular (we should mention only the regressive assimilation in Av.-And.-Tsez. and the delabialisation of the dental stop in PWC: rather frequent phenomena in roots consisting of two stops). Note that Arch. kūṭa- 'short' is obviously a Lak. loan.

Phonetically a perfect match is Khin. ḳuṭa 'puppy'; since it has no other etymology, it may ultimately belong here, too.

Both meanings - simply 'short' and 'short-eared (animal)' must be postulated already for PEC, since they keep appearing in different subgroups. However, it is hard to reconstruct a definite meaning for PNC (was it 'short' or a 'short-horned animal' or both?).

caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,

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Avar-Andian etymology :

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Protoform: *ḳʷVṭV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: short-eared ram

Akhvakh: ḳʷaṭa

Comments: Isolated in Akhv., but with probable external parallels.

aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-akv,aandet-comment,

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Tsezian etymology :

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Proto-Tsezian: *ḳɔṭV-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: short

Tsezi: ḳoṭono

Ginukh: ḳoṭondiju

Khvarshi: ḳojtu (Radzhibov)

Inkhokvari: ḳottu

Comments: PTsKh *ḳoṭV- (with various suffixation and sometimes with dissimilative deglottalization).

cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-gin,cezet-khv,cezet-inh,cezet-comment,

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Lak etymology :

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Lak root: kuṭa-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: short

Lak form: kuṭa-s:a

Comments: Lak. > Arch. kūṭa-t:u-.

laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,

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Dargwa etymology :

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Proto-Dargwa: *kuṭ-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: short

Chiragh: kuṭze

Comments: Cf. also Kait. kuṭi-l id.

darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-chr,darget-comment,

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Lezghian etymology :

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Proto-Lezghian: *k:ʷVIṭV-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 short 2 narrow 3 short-eared ram

Lezghian: güṭü 2

Agul: güṭ 3 (Burk.)

Kryz: gʷädä 1

Budukh: goda 1

Comment: Cf. also Lezg. Kur. gʷeṭi 'narrow'. Initial *gʷ- may be also reconstructed on basis of Lezg. data (but in Lezg. gʷ- may be < *k:ʷ- before the following glottalized stop). In Shakhdagh there occurred an assimilation (-ṭ- > -d-), usual in roots of this type.

Vocalic quality is not clear (because of reductions in the first syllable); pharyngealization is probable because of front-vocalic reflexes in Lezg. and Ag.

lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-agu,lezget-krz,lezget-bud,lezget-comment,

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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

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Proto-West-Caucasian: *k:ǝt:ǝ (~g-,-d-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: hornless (of horned domestic animals)

Abkhaz: a-gdǝ́

Abaza: gdi

Comments: PAT *gǝdǝ (or *gǝdǝ-jǝ > Abaz. gdi).

abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-abk,abadet-aba,abadet-comment,

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Burushaski etymology :

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Common Burushaski: *khuṭ

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: short

Hunza: khuṭ

Nagar: khuṭ

Comments: Sh. khúṭo, T. 3895 [Pk. khuṭṭa- `broken', with further unclear matches]

buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,buruet-notes,

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Long-range etymologies :

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Borean (approx.) : KVTV

Meaning : small

Eurasiatic : *ḳVṭV

Afroasiatic : *ḳuṭun-

Sino-Caucasian : *kHǝ̄́ṭwV̄

Amerind (misc.) : *ḳuṭi 'small' (R 653)

Reference : ND 1227; GE 86 *ḳuṭ.

globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-amer,globet-reference,

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Nostratic etymology :

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Eurasiatic: *ḳVṭV

Meaning: small, young

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *kat-

Altaic: ?WMo qotul(i) 'two-year-old marmot, young deer'

Kartvelian: *ḳuṭ-

Dravidian: *guḍ-

References: ND 1227 *ḳUṭV 'small' (w/o Drav.).

nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,

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Indo-European etymology :

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Proto-IE: *kat-

Meaning: young one

Slavic: *kotъ `детеныш', *kotītī sę̄

Germanic: *xad=, *xad-in-ōn- f., *xād-Vl-ō(n-) f.

Latin: catulus, -ī m. `Tierjunges, bes. aus dem Geschlecht der Hunde', catellus `Hündchen'

Other Italic: Umbr katel, gen. katles `catulus'

Celtic: MIr cadla, cadhla `Geis'

Russ. meaning: детеныш

References: WP I 454 f

piet-meaning,piet-slav,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-ital,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,

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Vasmer's dictionary :

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Word: коти́ться

Near etymology: "рожать детенышей (о кошках, куницах, хорьках, зайцах, овцах, козах)", укр. коти́тися, кiтна́ (*котьна) "беременная (о животных)", об-кíт, род. п. об-ко́ту "окот (овец)", болг. ко́тя се (коти́л) "котиться", коти́ло "место окота, окот, потомство", сербохорв. (о)ко̀ти̑м, ко̀тити се "щениться, котиться, рожать (в диал. -- обо всех животных)", ко̀тило "место окота", ко̑т, род. ко̏та "выводок (птенцов), с-ко̏тна "беременная (о собаке, лисице и др. животных"), словен. kotíti "котиться", kòt, род. п. kótа "выводок, приплод", skòt, род. п. skótа "детеныш, потомство", чеш. kotiti sе "котиться" польск. kocić się "котиться, ягниться и т. д.", kotna "беременная, суягная", wуkоt "окот", в.-луж. (wо) kócić sо, kóćować "забеременеть".

Further etymology: Первонач. знач. "рожать" (о животных), связь с кошками явно вторична; см. Вальде--Гофм. (1, 183), Маценауэр (48) против Миклошича (Мi. ЕW 135), Бернекера (1, 590); эта связь обусловлена созвучием с кот (см.). Родственно лат. catulus "детеныш, щенок", catellus "собачка", умбр. katel, род. п. katles "catulus", др.-исл. haðna ж. "козленок", ср.-в.-н. hatele ж. "коза", швейцарско-нем. hatle "коза"; см. Вальде--Гофм., там же; Бернекер, там же; Хольтхаузен, Awn. Wb. 103.

Pages: 2,352

vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-pages,

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Germanic etymology :

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Proto-Germanic: *xad=, *xadinōn, *xādVlō(n)

Meaning: goat

IE etymology: IE etymology

Old Norse: haδna f. `Ziege'

Norwegian: hadna, hāna

Swedish: dial. häna, hen(n)a

Middle High German: { hatele `Ziege' }

German: schweiz. hatle `Ziege', dial. hattel, hättel, hätte `id.'

germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-swed,germet-mhg,germet-hg,

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Pokorny's dictionary :

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Number: 853

Root: kat-2

English meaning: to bear young; animal cub

German meaning: `Junge werfen; Tier junges'

Material: Lat. catulus `Tierjunges, bes. junger Hund oder Katze', umbr. katel, Gen. katles `catulus';

aisl. haðna f. `junge Ziege', mhd. hatele, nhd.-schweiz. hatle `Ziege';

slav. kotiti sę (russ. kotítьsja usw.) `Junge werfen', dial. kótьka `Lamm', skr. kot `Brut', poln. wy-kot `Zicklein' usw. (s. Berneker 589 f.).

References: WT. I 338 f., WH. I 183.

Pages: 534

PIE database: PIE database

pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,

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Kartvelian etymology :

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Proto-Kartvelian: *ḳuṭ-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: (детский) penis; маленький

English meaning: child penis; small

Georgian: ḳuṭ-u 'penis'; ḳuṭ-a 'boy'

Megrel: ḳuṭ-

Svan: ḳōṭ-ol

Svan meaning (Rus.): маленький

Svan meaning (Eng.): small

Laz: ḳuṭ-

Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 118, EWK 214. Экспрессивная основа, вероятно, кавк. происхождения: ср. ПСК *k_Hǝ̄ṭwV̄ 'короткий' (NCED 690-691). Менее надежным кажется сближение с драв. *kuḍḍ- 'маленький' (ОСНЯ 1, 329-330; так же в Бомхард 1996, 231-232).

kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-sva,kartet-svmean,kartet-esvmean,kartet-laz,kartet-notes,

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Dravidian etymology :

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Proto-Dravidian : *guḍ-

Meaning : small

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *guḍḍ-/*giḍḍ-

Proto-Telugu : *giḍḍ-/*guḍḍ-

Proto-North Dravidian : *guḍ-rū

Brahui : g_h_uḍḍ-ū, guḍḍ-ū

Notes : The forms with -i- in SOuth Drav. languages are not clear.

dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-ndr,dravet-bra,dravet-notes,

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South Dravidian etymology :

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Proto-South Dravidian : *guḍḍ-/*giḍḍ-

Meaning : small

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : kuṭṭam

Tamil meaning : smallness; young of a monkey

Tamil derivates : kuṭṭan_ laddie, lassie, as a term of endearment; kid or lamb; kuṭṭi young of a dog, pig, tiger, etc.; little girl; smallness; kuṭṭai shortness, dwarfishness; kuṭṭ-ēr_u a small bull; kuṇṭai shortness, that which is short and stout

Malayalam : kuṭṭan

Malayalam meaning : boy, lamb, calf

Malayalam derivates : kuṭṭi young of any animal, child (chiefly girl), pupil of eye; kuṭu small, narrow

Kannada : giḍḍu, guḍḍu

Kannada meaning : shortness, smallness

Kannada derivates : giḍḍa dwarf; fem. giḍḍi; guḍḍa dwarf, a boy; smallness, shortness; (Hav.) kuṇṭu short

Kodagu : kuṭṭi

Kodagu meaning : child of any caste except Coorgs; young of animals (except dog, cat, pig)

Tulu : giḍḍa

Tulu meaning : small, short

Tulu derivates : giḍḍe, giḍḍele, giḍye, giḍyele dwarf, short man; fem. giḍḍi, giḍḍu; kuṇṭe a short man, dwarf; kuṇṭi a female dwarf; short; (B-K.) guḍḍu short

Proto-Nilgiri : *kuṭ-/*koṭ-

Number in DED : 1670

sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-kod,sdret-kodmean,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-kt,sdret-dednum,

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Nilgiri etymology :

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Proto-Nilgiri : *kuṭ-/*koṭ-

Meaning : short, small (kuṭ xwar_ small shola, kuṭxɨfy short-ears, i. e. tiger)

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Toda : kuṭ

Additional forms : Also Toda kwɨṭṇ (voc. kwɨṭā) husband, man younger than a woman speaking, man (suffix in proper names) (for restricted use in all meanings, MBE 1974b, p. 39, 5.67); kwɨṭy wife (very restricted use, ibid., 5.66, 67)

Number in DED : 1670

ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-toda,ktet-addition,ktet-dednum,

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Telugu etymology :

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Proto-Telugu : *giḍḍ-/*guḍḍ-

Meaning : short, dwarfish

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : giḍḍa

Dialectal forms (1) : giṭaka

Additional forms : Also giḍasa id., stunted; (SAN) guḍḍa child

Number in DED : 1670

telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-tel_2,telet-addition,telet-dednum,

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North Dravidian etymology :

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Proto-North-Dravidian : *guḍ-rū

Meaning : dwarfish (of persons and animals only)

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kurukh : guḍrū, guṛrū

Number in DED : 1670

ndret-meaning,ndret-prnum,ndret-kur,ndret-dednum,

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Brahui etymology :

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Brahui : g_h_uḍḍ-ū, guḍḍ-ū

Meaning : small; urchin

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Number in DED : 1670

braet-meaning,braet-prnum,braet-dednum,

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Afroasiatic etymology :

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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ḳuṭun-

Meaning: be small

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Semitic: *ḳVṭVn- 'be small, be thin'

Central Chadic: *kutun- 'short, small'

afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-cch,

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Semitic etymology :

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Number: 1005

Proto-Semitic: *ḳVṭVn-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'be small, be thin'

Akkadian: ḳatān- 'be small'

Hebrew: ḳāṭān 'small'

Syrian Aramaic: ḳṭn 'grow thin'

Mandaic Aramaic: ḳotān- 'small'

Arabic: ḳatīn- 'thin iron of a spear' LGz

Epigraphic South Arabian: Sab ḳṭn 'small?'

Geʕez (Ethiopian): ḳṭn 'be thin, fine, lean, etc.' LGz 453

Mehri: ḳáyṭen 'bec. thin' JM 245

Jibbali: East ḳéṭǝn id.

Harsusi: ḳayṭen

Soqotri: ḳǝ́ṭhɔn 'thin'

semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-akk,semet-hbr,semet-syr,semet-mnd,semet-ara,semet-sar,semet-gzz,semet-mhr,semet-jib,semet-hss,semet-soq,

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Central Chadic etymology :

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Proto-CChadic: *kVtVn-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'short' 1,' small' 2

Tera: kutun 1 [Kr: 292]

Banana: kíten-ge 2 [Lk: 129]

cchet-prnum,cchet-meaning,cchet-ter,cchet-bnn,

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