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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *qhʷăH ( *r-)
Meaning: rain
Tibetan: kha-ba snow, mkha heaven.
Burmese: rwa rain, LB *r-jua rain, cf. also *wax snow.
Kachin: ru1 to pour, to fall in torrents, as rain.
Lushai: ruaʔ rain, KC *r2uaʔ
Lepcha: so rain (?)
Comments: BG: Garo mikka wa, Dimasa ha to rain, Bodo ha rain; Digaro kǝra rain; Bahing rya-wa. Sh. 39, 43, 138, 431; Ben. 109, 168. For Jnp. ru1 see also notes under *g(h)ʷrǝ 'wash'.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-lush,stibet-lepcha,stibet-kir,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 雨
Modern (Beijing) reading: yǔ yù
Preclassic Old Chinese: whaʔ whaʔs
Classic Old Chinese: whá
Western Han Chinese: whá
Eastern Han Chinese: whá
Early Postclassic Chinese: whó
Middle Postclassic Chinese: whó
Late Postclassic Chinese: whó
Middle Chinese: ɦǘ ɦǜ
Fanqie: 余乳 [a] 余遽 [b]
Rhyme class: 麌 [a] 遇 [b]
English meaning : precipitation, rain
Russian meaning[s]: дождь; под дождем; [yù] идти, лить, поливать (о дожде)
Shuowen gloss: 水從雲下也. 一象天門象雲水霝其間也. 凡雨之屬皆從雨.
Comments: Also read *whaʔ-s, MC ɦǜ (FQ 王遇) 'to rain upon, fall'. For *wh- cf. Xiamen hɔ6, Chaozhou hou4, Jianou xü6.
Radical: 173
Four-angle index: 3932
Karlgren code: 0100 a-e
Jianchuan Bai: vu1-
Dali Bai: vu1-
Bijiang Bai: -u2
Shijing occurrences: 28.1_, 35.1_, 41.1, 41.2, 50.3, 51.2_
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-fanqie,bigchina-rhyme,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-shuowen,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-jianchuan,bigchina-dali,bigchina-bijiang,bigchina-shijing,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 671
Character: 雨
MC description : 遇合三上噳云
ZIHUI: 7183 1012
Beijing: y 2
Jinan: y 2
Xi'an: y 2
Taiyuan: y 2
Hankou: y 2
Chengdu: y 2
Yangzhou: y 2
Suzhou: y 32
Wenzhou: ɦu 22
Changsha: y 2
Shuangfeng: y 2
Nanchang: y 2
Meixian: ji 2
Guangzhou: jy 22
Xiamen: u 2
Chaozhou: hou 22
Fuzhou: y 2
Shanghai: y 32
Zhongyuan yinyun: iu 2
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Kiranti etymology :
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Proto-Kiranti: *wǝ̀ ( ? / *r-wǝ̀)
Meaning: rain
Sunwar: rew (?)
Tulung: wō
Kaling: wö
Comments: Toba 94 *wö. Cf. *wa 'water'?
kiret-prnum,kiret-meaning,kiret-sun,kiret-tul,kiret-kal,kiret-lim,kiret-dum,kiret-kul,kiret-yam,kiret-notes,
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Limbu dictionary :
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Entry: wiʔl
Grammar: n.
Meaning: rain
Comments: wiʔl tha it's raining, vide thamaʔ. limet-prnum,limet-pspeech,limet-meaning,limet-comments,
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Dumi dictionary :
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Entry: hu
Grammar: n.
Meaning: rain.
dumet-prnum,dumet-pspeech,dumet-meaning,
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Kulung dictionary :
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Entry: wa
Grammar: n.
Meaning: rain
Nepali: pānī.
kulet-prnum,kulet-pspeech,kulet-meaning,kulet-nepali,
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Yamphu dictionary :
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Entry: wari
Grammar: n.
Meaning: rain
Comments: wari lemma to rain.
yamet-prnum,yamet-pspeech,yamet-meaning,yamet-comments,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *=ŭGwV́
Meaning: rain
Comments and references : HGC 21, NSC 54 *-ɣwV. sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-buru,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *=ŭGwV
Meaning: to rain
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. The verbal root is preserved only in PL. Other languages reflect a deverbative noun *GwV-(r)dV / *r-ŭGwV.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *daʁu
Meaning: rain
Chechen: doʁa
Ingush: doʁa
Comments: 3d class in Chech. and Ing. Note that the verbal present stem *-āʁ- ( > Chech. -ōʁu) "to come" has also the meaning "to rain, to snow"; thus the form *daʁu may have been deverbal in PN.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *ʁ:ʷǝdǝ
Meaning: rain
Khvarshi: ʁʷada
Inkhokvari: ʁodo
Bezhta: wodo
Gunzib: wǝdǝ
Comments: PTsKh *ʁʷǝdǝ (in Inkh. also means 'sky'), PGB *wǝdǝ.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-khv,cezet-inh,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: ʁaral
Meaning: rain
Lak form: ʁaral
Comments: 3d class. Cf. Khosr. ʁʷaral.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *ʔoq:ʷa-
Meaning: 1 to rain 2 rain (n.)
Lezghian: q:ʷa-z 1
Tabasaran: u-r-ʁ-uz 1
Agul: uʁas 1
Rutul: huʁʷas 1
Tsakhur: g'-oʁa-s 1
Udi: aʁala 2
Comment: The words for 'rain' in most Lezgian languages are derived from this verb base (PL *ʔoq:ʷa-l(V) 'rain' > Lezg. q:ʷal, Ag. uʁal, Rut. huʁʷal, Ud. aʁala); a separate derivation from the same root is Tsakh. joʁʷi. See Талибов 1960а, 298; Лексика 1971, 185.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *xur
Meaning: rain
Ket: uĺeś5,6
Yug: ures5,6
Kottish: ur, *ūr, pl. ūraŋ; (Бол.) ur id.; Ass. ur (М., Сл., Срсл., Кл.), ür (Кл.); Kam. urax (Стр.); Koib. uraš (Мес., П)
Arin: kur (М., Сл., Срсл., Кл.) "rain"; kuraasa (Лоск.) id.
Pumpokol: ur-áit (Сл., Срсл., Кл.) "rain"; ures (Кл.) "rain" [= Yug.]
Comments: ССЕ 297. All languages, besides the simple form *xur, reflect also the compound *xur-ʔes 'rain-sky'. Werner 2, 338 <*ʔuʎ(es) / *khuʎ(es)>.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-ari,yenet-pum,yenet-notes,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *qhuró-
Meaning: cloud
Yasin: xoróŋ
Hunza: qhurónc̣
Nagar: qhurónc̣
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : HVWV
Meaning : stream, flow of water
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-reference,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *Huwa
Meaning: stream, flow of water
Comments: Cf. *GurV.
References: МССНЯ 334, ОСНЯ 1, 256; ND 794 *ho[w]ʕa ~ *hoʕwa 'flow, stream' (Ural. + partially IE); 2611 *χawV 'to spurt, to rain' (IE + SH). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-chuk,nostret-notes,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *awǝ-/e- <PIH *H->
Meaning: water (flowing)
Hittite: heu- c.'Regen' (Tischler 238ff); hur-nai-/-ija- (I), hur-nu- (I) 'besprengen, befeuchten', Pal. huwarninai 'besprengt' (Tischler 305-306)
Old Indian: avaṭá-, avatá- m. `a hole, vacuity in the ground', aváni- f. `stream, river, bed of a river'
Old Greek: án-au̯ro-s m. `Giessbach, Strom'
Latin: ūrīnārī `tauchen unter Wasser', ūrīnātor `Taucher'
Russ. meaning: вода (проточная)
References: WP I 268 f, Buck 37, 45.
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-ind,piet-greek,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *jū̂-r-ā̂ (1), -jā̂, -iā̃ f., -ia- (1) c.; *jaû-r-ā̂ (1) f.
Meaning: sea
Lithuanian: jū́ra, dial. pl. jū́rōs, jū́rēs, jū́riōs, jū́riai `Meer, See'; jáura, pl. -ōs `Moorgrund, Sumpfland'
Lettish: jũr̨a, jũre, jūris `Meer'
Old Prussian: iūrin `Meer' Ench. 67:11, 75:2, luriay [l. iuriay] V. 66 `id.'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,baltet-oprus,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *aura-z, *auraga-, *ūra-n, *ūraga-
Meaning: rain, fog, sea
Old Norse: ūr n. `Feuchtigkeit, feiner Regen'; NIsl aur, Far eyr-ur `Sumpf'
Norwegian: aur `Sumpf'; ur `Schneewetter'
Swedish: ur `Schneewetter'; dial. örja `Sumpf'
Old Danish: ur `Nebel'
Old English: ēar (ǟr), -es m. `sea, ocean', ūrig-feɵera `wet-feathered, with dewy plumage', ūrig-lāst `making a dewy track'
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-swed,germet-odan,germet-oengl,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 1107
Proto: *uŋa
English meaning: stream; to flow
German meaning: Strom; strömen
Finnish: vuo 'Strom, Strombett', vuota- 'lecken, Wasser durchlassen; rinnen, fließen'
Estonian: voo 'Strömung, Wellengang', vooda- (vooan) 'lecken (intr.); laufen, triefen'
Saam (Lapp): uwe, uvwe 'flumen placide manans, fluxus', uvwete-, uwete- 'aquam accipere, perfluere'; uvve -v- (N) 'flumen placide labens, fluvius'
Khanty (Ostyak): oɣ (V), ŏw (DN), ăw (O) 'Strom', oɣa- (V), ŏw- (DN), ăw- (O) 'strömen'
Mansi (Vogul): ow (TJ LU KU P) 'Strom', ow- (So.) 'strömen', åw, åu (N) 'Flut, Strom', åw- 'fließen'
Sammalahti's version: *uwa
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-saa,uralet-khn,uralet-man,uralet-samm2,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *vār-
Meaning : to flow; to strain
Proto-South Dravidian: *vār- Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *vār- dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *vār-
Meaning : to flow
Tamil : vār (-v-, -nt-)
Tamil meaning : to flow, trickle, overflow
Tamil derivates : (-pp-, -tt-) to pour, cast (as metal in a mould); vārppu pouring, casting, that which is cast; vāri channel for draining off rain-water from roof, waterway, sluice
Malayalam : vāruka
Malayalam meaning : to run, flow down, be strained off (water)
Malayalam derivates : vārkka to pour, cast; vārcca issue, flux; vārppu fusion, casting metals, issue
Kannada : bār
Kannada meaning : to set free a liquid, pour out, purge
Tulu : barcelụ
Tulu meaning : (B-K) channel to empty surplus water, as from a field
Number in DED : 5356
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-kt,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *vār-ĭ
Meaning : ditch
Kota : vāry "ditch around fields, acting as moat outside embarkment and fence"
Toda : pōry
Additional forms : Also Kota ? varb- (varby-) (tears) stand in eyes ready to fall
Number in DED : 5356
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-addition,ktet-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *vār-
Meaning : to flow down as water from boiled rice, be drained off
Telugu : vāru
Additional forms : Also [1] vārucu, [2] vārcu to pour or drain off, as water from boiled rice
Number in DED : 5356
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-addition,telet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *vār-
Meaning : to filter
Naiki : vār jav "water of boiled rice"
Parji : vār jāva "water in which rice has been boiled"
Salur Gadba : vārk- (vārt-) "to strain water from food, etc."
Poya Gadba : vārp- (vārt-) "to strain (water from boiled rice)"
Kondekor Gadba : vār- "to be filtered (like boiled rice)"
Additional forms : Also Parji vārp- (vārt-) to strain; Gadba_S3 vārp- (vārup-) to filter (like boiled rice, etc.)
Number in DED : 5356
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-naiki,kogaet-parji,kogaet-salur,kogaet-poya,kogaet-s_3,kogaet-addition,kogaet-dednum,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *vār-
Meaning : to pour; canal
Proto-Pengo-Manda : *vār- gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,gndet-kon,gndet-pem,gndet-kui,
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Gondi etymology :
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Proto-Gondi : *vār-
Meaning : to pour
Muria Gondi : var "irrigation channel"
Maria Gondi : vār-
Seoni Gondi : vāṭ- (?)
Adilabad Gondi : vāṭ-
Number in DED : 5356
Number in CVOTGD : 3225, 3219, 3177
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_mu,gonet-gondi_ma,gonet-gondi_s,gonet-gondi_a,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,
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Konda etymology :
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Konda : vāra
Meaning: canal for irrigation (BB)
Number in DED : 5356
konet-meaning,konet-prnum,konet-dednum,
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Pengo-Manda etymology :
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Proto-Pengo-Manda : *vār-
Meaning : to pour
Pengo : vār- (-t-)
Number in DED : 5356
pemet-meaning,pemet-prnum,pemet-pengo,pemet-dednum,
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Kui-Kuwi etymology :
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Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *vār-u
Meaning : stream; flood
Kui : vāru (pl. vārka) "water-channel, stream, torrent"
Kuwi (Israel) : vāru "flood"
Additional forms : Also Kuwi_Isr varda pīyu torrential rain. Kui form taken from 5356
Number in DED : 5323
kuiet-meaning,kuiet-prnum,kuiet-kui,kuiet-kuwi_isr,kuiet-addition,kuiet-dednum,
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Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology :
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Proto-Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *'iv-
Meaning (Rus.): вода
kamet-prnum,kamet-meaning,kamet-chuk,kamet-itel,
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Chukchee-Koryak etymology :
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Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *if-: *if-ʁici-, *if-ini-
Meaning (Rus.): вода: пить (воду) 1, смачивать полозья водой 2, промышлять на море 3, есть снег, пропитанный мочой 4, олень, любящий мочу 5
Chukchee: ikwicí-, ikwucí- 1, iwtɛ́t- 2, iwiní, iɣiní- 3, iw-lʔɛ́t- 4, iwlʔǝ-qór 5
Koryak: iwwici- 1, iwini- 3
Palan: iwhic̨i-, hivhic̨i- 1, iwini- 3
Alutor: iwʔici- 1, iwini- 3
Comments: Встречается только как элемент сложений.
chuket-prnum,chuket-meaning,chuket-chu,chuket-kor,chuket-pal,chuket-alu,chuket-comments,
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Itelmen etymology :
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Proto-Itelmen: *'i'(j)
Meaning (Rus.): вода
Itelmen: 'i', 'i'j**, ('ij-)
Itelmen meaning: вода
West Itelmen: 'i'in ['i'i*] 1, 'i'i-nvǝ-nk loc. 2, 'i'iń kna-sč dim. 3
West Itelmen meaning: aqua 1, subaqua heus 2, hydropsis 3
West Itelmen meaning (Polish): woda 1, znajdujący się wodzie, podwodny 2, wodna puchlina 3
South Itelmen: 'i'i ['i'i*]
South Itelmen meaning (Latin): aqua
South Itelmen meaning (Polish): woda
Number in Volodin 1976: 36, 37
Volodin-Zhukova reference: 349
Stebnitsky reference: 91
Comments: Володин, Жукова 349. В зап. камч. у Дыбовского основа оформлена суффиксом места наличия *-nŏm/ -nv-. В слове 'водянка' вторая часть - 'болезнь' и уменьшительный суффикс.
itelet-prnum,itelet-meaning,itelet-ite,itelet-itemea,itelet-wit,itelet-witmea,itelet-witmep,itelet-sit,itelet-sitmea,itelet-sitmep,itelet-vol,itelet-vzhu,itelet-steb,itelet-comments,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ḥVw/y-
Meaning: rain, water
Omotic: Sheko (h)ai, Dizi aai 'water'
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-egy,afaset-ech,afaset-omo,
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Semitic etymology :
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Number: 2700
Proto-Semitic: *ḥʷay-
Meaning: 'rain (n.)' 1, 'water' 2
Arabic: ḥayy-an 1
Amharic: wǝha 2
Argobba: ähʷa 2
Gurage: End ǝhä (LGur 36: <Cush)
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-ara,semet-amh,semet-arg,semet-gur,
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Egyptian etymology :
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Old Egyptian: ḥw-t
Meaning: der Regen (Pyr) EG III 49
Notes: ḥwy Pyr 'die Flut' EG III 48
egyet-prnum,egyet-meaning,egyet-notes,
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East Chadic etymology :
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Proto-EChadic: *hVw-
Meaning: 'weep' 1, 'rain' (v.) 2
Somrai: ʔwā 2 [JSib]
Tumak: hǝ̀w 1 [Cp]
echet-prnum,echet-meaning,echet-smr,echet-tum,
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