Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *wVs

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: blue

Kottish: urek-bas (Ass.) (Кл.) 'blue'

Arin: bis (М., Кл.) "голубой", (Сл.) "синий"

Comments: ССЕ 294. For the first part of the Assan compound cf. Kott. oreäk, ureäk 'green'. Werner (1, 131) suggests that the Ass. form means "like green", which is quite dubious if we take into consideration the independent Arin form bis. Note also Kott. bosarak 'fox-colored' - which may be actually a compound similar to urek-bas, but with a different order of components.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ɦV́čwī

Meaning: blue

North Caucasian: *ɦVč_wīlV

Yenisseian: *wV(ʔ)s

Comments and references : HGC 38 (but the ST parallel given there belongs rather to *čVwV).

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *ɦVč_wīlV

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: green, blue

Proto-Nakh: *čālu(n)

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *HVrč:in-

Proto-Tsezian: *-VšV-

Proto-Lak: š:uIlli-

Proto-Lezghian: *čʷiIlä-

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. The initial syllable with a laryngeal was lost in most languages (except Av. and PC), but has left behind pharyngealisation in Lak. and PL. Av. ʕurč:ín- is a transformation of *ʕuč:ir- (probably the result of adding a secondary suffix -Vn-: *ʕuč:ri-n- > ʕurč:in-). The fate of *-l- in PTs is not quite clear.

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *čālu(n)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 grey 2 roan

Chechen: čōla 1

Ingush: čɔla 2

Comments: Cf. also Cheb. čōlõ, Ved. čālã etc. The word resembles Turk. *čāl 'grey', but cannot be a loanword (because of its morphological structure); however, the Turk. word could have influenced the meaning of Nakh *čālu(n) - since the original meaning of the root in Dagestan languages is 'blue, green'.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *HVrč:in-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: green

Avar: ʕurč:ína-b

Chadakolob: ʕurčína-b

Comments: Isolated in Av., but with possible external correspondences.

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *-VšV-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 green 2 bright green

Tsezi: eš jiʎe (Radzhibov) 1

Ginukh: išjos 1

Khvarshi: iš-lajʎi 1 (Radzhibov)

Gunzib: r-už-nijas 2

Comments: PTsKh *ʔ[i]š-; the PTs vocalism is unclear.

Lak etymology :

Lak root: š:uIlli-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: green

Lak form: š:uIlli-s:a

Comments: Cf. Khosr. š:uIl-di-s:a id.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *čʷiIlä-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 green 2 blue 3 dim, muddy 4 wet 5 fish

Agul: čuIlle-f 2

Rutul: šildɨ 1

Tsakhur: čiIwan 1,4

Budukh: čula-ǯ 3

Udi: čaIli 5

Comment: Cf. also Ag. Bursh. č̌ule-r, Fit. küli-t 'blue'. Names for 'fish' are often derived from 'wet/green' in Caucasian languages.

    See Гигинейшвили 1977, 69, 96.

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