Алтайская этимология :

Праалтайский: *gā́t`ì

PRNUM: PRNUM

Англ. значение: to go, come

Значение: идти, приходить

Тюркский: *gē(j)t-

Монгольский: *getül- / *gatul-

Японский: *kítá-r-

Комментарии: Because of the peculiar shape of the Turkic form one should perhaps reconstruct *gā́jt`i.

Тюркская этимология :

Пратюркский: *gē(j)t-

PRNUM: PRNUM

Англ. значение: to go (away)

Значение: уходить

Древнетюркский: ket- (OUygh.)

Караханидский: ket/δ- (MK, KB)

Турецкий: git-

Татарский: kit-

Среднетюркский: kẹt- (Abush., Sangl., MA)

Узбекский: ket-

Уйгурский: kät-

Азербайджанский: get-

Туркменский: git-

Ойратский: ket- (dial.)

Чувашский: kajt-

Киргизский: ket-

Казахский: ket-

Ногайский: ket-

Башкирский: kit-

Балкарский: ket-

Гагаузский: get-

Караимский: ket-

Каракалпакский: ket-

Саларский: Gī/i- (Kakuk)

Кумыкский: get-

Комментарии: VEWT 258, EDT 701, ЭСТЯ 3, 39-40, 49-50. Vowel length can be reconstructed on indirect evidence (voicing -t- > -d- in forms like Az. gediš 'going away' etc.).

Монгольская этимология :

Прамонгольский: *getül- / *gatul-

Алтайская этимология: Алтайская этимология

Англ. значение: to cross over

Значение: переходить, пересекать

Письменный монгольский: getül- (L 380), ɣatul- (L 354)

Халха: getle-, gatla-

Бурятский: getel-, gatal-

Калмыцкий: getḷ-, ɣatḷ-

Ордосский: getül-

Дагурский: hedele- (MD 158), xedelgē-, xedlē-

Комментарии: KW 135, 147, MGCD 288, 294.

Японская этимология :

Праяпонский: *kítá-r-

PRNUM: PRNUM

Англ. значение: to come, arrive

Русское значение: приходить

Древнеяпонский: kjitar-

Среднеяпонский: kítár-

Токио: kitár-

Кето: kítàr-

Кагосима: kìtàr-

Комментарии: JLTT 709. Usually treated as a fusion of *ki- 'having come' + *itar- 'arrive', which is most probably a folk etymology in the light of external evidence. Accent reflexes in modern dialects are somewhat aberrant.

Ностратическая этимология :

Евразийский: *kVdV

Значение: to walk, pass

Индоевропейский: ? *kēd-

Алтайский: *ki̯ód[o]

Уральский: ? *kuttV (*kottV)

Дравидийский: *k̂aḍa- (or to *ḳVtV)

Эскимосско-алеутский: *katǝ-

Ссылки: [In ND 695 *gaṭʕV 'pass through, cross' Drav. is compared with Alt. *gāt`i which seems less likely + Arab. and occasional Chad.).

Индоевропейская этимология :

Уральская этимология :

NUMBER: 1366

PROTO: *kuttV (*kottV)

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: to run

GERMMEAN: laufen

MAR: kǝ̑δala- (KB), kuδala- (U B) 'mit einem Pferde schnell dahineilen, laufen, fahren' ?

KOM: kote̮r- (S) 'laufen', kote̮rt- (S P), ko^.tørt- (PO) 'laufen, fließen', kotral- (S) 'laufen'

Дравидийская этимология :

Прадравидийский: *k̂aḍ-a-

Значение: to cross

PRNUM: PRNUM

Праюжнодравидийский: *kaḍ-a-

Прателугу: *kaḍ-

Праколами-гадаба: *kaḍ-

Прагонди-куи: *Kaṇa-

Прасеверно-дравидийский: *kaṭ-

Брахуи: xarr-ing

Комментарии: NDR *-ṭ- because of (probably) y-conjugation. But the *-ṇ- in Gondwan is incomprehensible!

Южнодравидийская этимология :

Праюжно-дравидийский: *kaḍ-a-

Значение: to cross

PRNUM: PRNUM

Тамильский: kaṭa (-pp-, -nt-)

Тамильское значение: to pass through, traverse, cross, exceed, excel, win, overcome, transgress; go, proceed, pass (as time, water, clouds, etc.)

Тамильские производные: kaṭattu (kaṭatti-) to cause to go, drive, transport, pass (as time); n. boat; kaṭappu passing over, wicket or narrow passage in a wall or hedge; kaṭavān_ channel cut through ridge of paddy-field to let surplus water run off; kaṭavu (kaṭavi-) to cause to go, drive, ride, dispatch, discharge (as a missile); n. way, path, direction; kaṭavai leap, jump, passing over, way; fault, defect; kaṭavuḷ god (who transcends speech and mind); kaṭāvu (kaṭāvi-) to discharge (as missiles), ride, drive, drive in (as a nail, peg, wedge), urge; kaṭācu (kaṭāci-), kiṭācu (kiṭāci-) to drive (as a nail), throw; kaṭai end, limit, boundary; lowness, lowest, worst; entrance, gate; kaṭaici end, extremity, the last; kaṭaiñan_ man of low caste, man of mean character; kaṭaimai meanest condition; kaṭaiyar men of the lowest caste or status

Малаялам: kaṭakka

Малаяльское значение: to pass over, enter, pass out, transgress, surpass

Малаяльские производные: kaṭattuka to make to pass, insert, introduce; kaṭattu transporting, conveying; kaṭappu passage, transgression; kaṭa what is ultimate; way; kaṭaśi end, termination; kaṭampa, kaṭāyi stile, gate bar; kaṭavu beach, landing place, wharf; track of wild beasts; kaṭāvuka, kiṭāvuka to drive (as a carriage), drive in (as a nail)

Каннада: kaḍe

Каннада значение: to pass over, transgress, pass, elapse, get through; n. end, termination, limit, position of being last, low or inferior, worse than, side, direction, last, at last

Каннада производные: kaṭa end, corner, etc.; kaḍa a ferry, ford; kaḍakal wicket or narrow passage in walls or hedges; kaḍame, kaḍime deficiency, inferiority, remainder; kaḍavaḷ god; kaḍāyisu to drive in (as a nail)

Кодагу: kaḍa- (kaḍap-, kaḍand-)

Кодагу значение: to cross

Кодагу производные: kaḍat- (kaḍati-) to take across; kaḍe end (of row, event, etc.); kaḍekɨ at last; kaḍe kuññi the youngest child

Тулу: kaḍapuni

Тулу значение: to cross, ford, pass, elapse, surpass

Тулу производные: kaḍapāvuni to cause to pass, help one to ford a river; kaḍapuḍuni to dispatch, forward, send away; kaḍapa distance; kaḍapu a ferry; kaḍapelụ that which can be crossed over; kaḍame deficiency, defect, remnant; less, deficient, remaining; kaḍe verge, margin, end, extremity, place; last, final, low, mean

Пранильгирийский: *kaḍä-

Разное: KOR (O) kaḍappuru, (M) kaḍɨ to send

Номер по DED: 1109

Нильгирийская этимология :

Пранильгирийский: *kaḍä-

Значение: to cross

PRNUM: PRNUM

Кота: kaṛv- (kaṛd-) "to cross (river), come out or leave (house), (years) pass; (sun, moon) rises"

Тода: kaḍ- (kaḍɵ-) "to leave, pass, cross"

Дополнительные формы: Also Kota kaṛt- (kayt-/kaṛty-) to make to cross, send off; mē-kī- (< *kay-; mē-kaṛt-) to get up; mēkaṛc- (mēkaṛc-) to make to get up; kaṛv cattle-path through bushes, ford; kaṛ, kaṛc extreme end (kaṛ aḷ side of belly, kaṛ pāt the end, at last, kaṛ may NE. monsoon [i. e. last rain], kaṛcāc last woman in series, kaṛc ib very excellent iron, kaṛc aky worthless rice); Toda kaṛt- (kaṛty-) to send, take across; kaḍ a stride; kaḍ fōy corner of mouth; kaḍ xōl mox last-born son; kaḍf path, entrance to wood; kaḍč end (of thing, event)

Номер по DED: 1109

Телугу этимология :

Прателугу: *kaḍ-

Значение: to pass, elapse; pass over, cross, transgress, exceed

PRNUM: PRNUM

Телугу: kaḍacu

Диалектные формы (1): gaḍacu

Диалектные формы (2): gaḍucu

Дополнительные формы: Also [1] kaḍapu, [2] gaḍupu to pass, cause to pass or elapse, put off, defer, drive, push; kaḍa end, extremity, place, direction, vicinity; kaḍagoṭṭu to die; adj. the youngest, last; kaḍacanu to die, be destroyed or lost, be completed; cross, pass over; kaḍategu to end, come to a close; kaṭṭakaḍa the very end, the very last place or point; adj. the very last, farthest, hindmost; [1] kaḍapa, [2] gaḍapa threshold; kaḍapaṭa at last; kaḍapaṭi last, final; kaḍapala the end; kaḍama remainder; remaining

Номер по DED: 1109

Колами-гадаба этимология :

Праколами-гадаба: *kaḍ-

Значение: to cross; to go beyond

PRNUM: PRNUM

Парджи: kaḍa (pl. kaḍel) "end, side"

Гадаба (диал. оллари): karp- (kart-) "to cross"

Гадаба (салурский диалект): karr- "to yean"

Гадаба (пойя): kar- "to give birth to"

Гадаба (кондекорский): kar- (kaṭ-) "to drop, give birth to"

Дополнительные формы: Also Parji kaḍp- (kaḍt-) to cross; kaḍ- (kaṭṭ-) to throw (normally used as aux. verb)

Комментарии: More often used with the causative meaning 'to throw out, bear' *kaḍp-.

Номер по DED: 1109

Гондванская этимология :

Прагонди-куи: *Kaṇa-

Значение: to cross, pass through

PRNUM: PRNUM

Конда: gaṛvi- (-t-)

Прапенго-манда: *kṇā-

Пракуи-куви: *gṇā-

Комментарии: Bisyllabic root; first consonant unclear (PPM points to *k-, Konda and PK point to *g-, but the latter may as well be secondary). Note: in PPM *kṇ- probably > *kṇ-, but *gṇ- > gṛ-.

Конда этимология :

Конда: gaṛvi- (-t-)

MEANING: to go beyond the boundary of a village, fail a promise, disregard (elder's words)

PRNUM: PRNUM

Конда (Бэрроу и Бхаттачарья): nā- (-t-), nāv- (-it-) "to cross"

Номер по DED: 1109

Пенго-манда этимология :

Прапенго-манда: *kṇā-

Значение: to cross

PRNUM: PRNUM

Пенго: nā- (-t-)

Манда: kṛā-

Номер по DED: 1109

Куи-куви этимология :

Пракуи-куви: *gṇā-

Значение: to pass, cross

PRNUM: PRNUM

Куи: gṛāsa (gṛāsi-) "to pass something over or through, pass a thing through the outstretched legs"

Куви (Фитцджеральд): grāncali "to cross over"

Куви (Шульце): gla'nai "to pass, cross (river)"

Куви (Израэль): gṇaʔ- "to cross"

Дополнительные формы: Also Kui gṛāpa (gṛāt-) to cross, cross over, ford, pass by; n. act of crossing, fording, passing by; ḍṛāpa (ḍṛāt-) to step over, overflow; n. step, still, threshold; Kuwi_Isr gṇap- to take across; kaṭu time (suitable period)

Комментарии: Most of the forms point to a vocalic auslaut of the base plus -p-. However, Kui gṛāsa and Kuwi_F grāncali only can be traced back to *gṛāc- and *gṛānc- correspondingly; a reconstruction like *gṛānc- with loss of nasal in Kui would be possible, although it is hard to prove because of the uniqueness of the case. The initial combination is reconstructed as *gṇ-; however, in Kui gṛ- is the only example of such a combination which is, moreover, probably misspelled for gr-. But Kuwi data makes it clear the second consonant is retroflex, and external data confirm its exact character. The initial cluster ḍṛ- is extremely rare as well, occurring only in a single expressive lexeme (in a few others it's a variant of ḍr-); therefore, the semantical differentiation between gṛāpa and ḍṛāpa is either secondary or invented by Whinfield. As for differences between gr- and ḍr-, my observations are as follows: PK *gṛ- (where -ṛ- < PDR *-ṛ-) > Kui gr-, but PK *gḍ- (where -ḍ- < PDR *-ṭ-) > Kui ḍr-. Kuwi_Isr gṇap- is probably a secondary causative (or the differentiation is secondary; remember the original causative -p- is often preserved in Kuwi_Isr after vocalic auslauts of the base), and kaṭu is borrowed from some SDR language.

Номер по DED: 1109

Севернодравидийская этимология :

Прасеверно-дравидийский: *kaṭ-

Значение: to cross

PRNUM: PRNUM

Курух: kaṭṭnā "to cross, pass over or above, overtake and go beyond, out-distance, surpass, go to excess"

Малто: kaṭe "to exceed, pass, cross"

Дополнительные формы: Also KUR kaṛtaʔānā, kaṭtaʔānā to take across; pass over, skip over; MLT kaṭtre to pass, spend time; help across; kaṭp exceedingly, much, very.

Номер по DED: 1109

Брахуи этимология :

Брахуи: xarr-ing

Значение: to proceed on foot, make one's way

PRNUM: PRNUM

Номер по DED: 1109

Эскимосская этимология :

PROTO: *katǝ-

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: to come near, to join, to gather

RMEAN: подходить ближе, соединять(ся)

YUP: *katǝ-

INUP: *katǝ-

NEWCOM: See *kac-ru- 'to approach, to meet, to get married'.

REFER: 160, 161

Юпикская этимология :

PROTO: *katǝ-

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEAN: to come near, to overtake, to catch up 1, to gather, to append 2, to join, to gather refl. 3

RMEAN: подходить, догонять 1, собирать, добавлять 2, собираться 3

SIR: kātǝqǝ́χtǝχ 1, kātǝqáχɫǝku 'hard by, hard after, вплотную', kāɫǝku 'coming here' ger.

CHAP: kāt-aquq, kātǝ-ɫǝq (χǝt), kā-ɫǝq (χǝt) dvn. 1

NAUK: katǝ́-tāqā, kaɫǝ́χ-tāqā 2, katǝ́mā- 3

AAY: katuχtǝ- 2, kaɫǝktaɣ- 'to graze'

EGEG: Y katuʁ- 3

NUN: katuʁ- 3, ~ katǝɣ- 'to to brush against'

NRTS: katuʁ- 3, kacǝtǝ- 2

CED: 160, 161, 154

Инупикская этимология :

PROTO: *katǝ-

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: to join 1, gathered 2

RMEAN: соединяться 1, собираться 2

SPI: katit- 1, katuma- 2

SPIS: Imaq katɨma- 2

NAI: katɨt- 1, kasima- 2

NAIS: PH katima- 2

WCI: katit- 1, katima- 2

WCIS: Sig kattuji- 1

ECI: kati(t)-, katut(i)- 1, katima- 2

GRI: katit-, kattut(i)- 1, katima- 2

GRIS: NG katut(i)- 1

CED: 160, 161

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