Altaic etymology : List with all references

Proto-Turkic: *doŋ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 cold 2 frost 3 frozen 4 freeze, be frozen

Russian meaning: 1 холодный 2 мороз 3 замерзший 4 замерзать

Old Turkic: toŋ- 4 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: toŋ 2, 3 (MK)

Turkish: don 2

Tatar: tuŋ 2

Middle Turkic: toŋ- 4 (Pav. C.)

Uighur: toŋ- 4, toŋ 2, 3

Sary-Yughur: tot 1

Azerbaidzhan: don 2, don- 4

Turkmen: doŋ 3, doŋ- 4

Khakassian: tō-r- 4

Chuvash: tъʷm 2 'frost'

Yakut: toŋ- 4, toŋ 3

Dolgan: toŋ- 4, toŋ 3

Tuva: doŋ 3, doŋ- 4

Tofalar: doŋ 3, doŋ- 4

Kirghiz: toŋ 2, toŋ- 4

Comments: VEWT 488, EDT 513, 515, ЭСТЯ 3, 265-267, Лексика 17, Stachowski 226.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *daɣara-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to freeze, become cold

Russian meaning: замерзать, остывать

Written Mongolian: daɣara- (L 218)

Middle Mongolian: dara- (MA)

Khalkha: dāra-

Buriat: dāra-

Kalmuck: dār-

Ordos: dāra- 120

Dongxian: daGara-

Baoan: dār-

Dagur: dāra- (Тод. Даг. 135), dāre- (MD 131)

Shary-Yoghur: dārā-

Monguor: dāra- (SM 44)

Comments: KW 82, MGCD 182.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *doŋota

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 cold, frost 2 to ice up, freeze

Russian meaning: 1 мороз 2 обледеневать, замерзать

Evenki: doŋoto 1

Negidal: doŋoto- 2

Ulcha: doqomdụ- 1

Orok: doGdo 'hoard of frozen fish'

Comments: ТМС 1, 216.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *tVŋV

Meaning: cold

Altaic: *tuŋa

Uralic: *taŋke-ta

Dravidian: *taṇ-

Uralic etymology :

Number: 1652

Proto: *taŋke-ta

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: stiff

German meaning: steif

Finnish: tankea, tankia (dial.) 'steif, starr', tankki (gen. tankin) 'Steifheit, Starrheit', ? tankkaa- 'stotternd lesen od. sprechen; steif spazieren'

Saam (Lapp): (doaŋ'ge -ŋg- (N) 'rigidus' - rejected by Redei)

Mordovian: tangoda (M) 'steif'

Mari (Cheremis): (tǝŋɣä- (KB 'erstarren', tüŋa- (B) 'gefühllos werden, starr werden, steif werden' - rejected by Redei because of the possibility of being < Turk.)

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *taṇ-

Meaning : 1 cold 2 satisfied

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *taṇ

Proto-Telugu : *tan-

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *taṇ

Meaning : cold

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : taṇ

Tamil meaning : cold, cool; grace, love

Tamil derivates : taṇuppu chilliness, cold; taṇṇīr, taṇṇi cold water, water; taṭpam cold, coolness, fanning cold and other acts necessary for cooling the body, love, mercy; taṇṇam coldness, coolness; taṇṇ-en_al expr. of (a) being cool, refreshing, (b) being merciful; taṇpu coldness, coolness; taṇmai id., calmness, gentleness, agreeableness; taṇal shade, shady spot; taṇi (-v-, -nt-) to be allayed, mitigated, appeased, soothed, abate, go out (fire); (-pp-, -tt-) to relieve, appease, satisfy, moderate, put out, extinguish; n. coolness, coldness; taṇivu abatement, etc.

Malayalam : taṇ

Malayalam meaning : cold

Malayalam derivates : taṇṇīr, taṇṇi cold water, drinking water; taṇukka to grow cold, be cool, be refreshed, assuaged; taṇuppu coldness, moisture, appeasing; taṇuppikka to cool, refresh; taṇuvu cold; taṇal shade, shady spot; taṇiyuka to grow cool, be subdued; taṇikka to cool, subdue, calm; taṇuvu, taṇma coldness

Kannada : taṇ

Kannada meaning : coolness, cold

Kannada derivates : taṇṇīr cold or cool water; taṇasu, taṇisu, taṇṇasa coldness, frigidity, cold, coolness, wetness; taṇi to grow cool, be refreshed, satisfied, calmed, appeased, be subdued, get feeble or fatigued; n. shame, modesty; taṇipu, taṇisu to satisfy, repress, appease; taṇivu satiety, satiation; taṇṇage, taṇṇane cool, cold, cooling, refreshing, in good health, happy, calm, finished (as work), extinguished (as a light); taṇṇitu, taṇṇittu that is cold, coldness; taṇpu coolness, a cooling, refreshing quality, happiness; tampu, tambu coolness, coldness, wetness, refreshing quality, satisfaction; taŋgaḷa, taŋgaḷu any cold food as rice, bread, etc., stale food; ? taḍi wet, damp, moistness; (Hav.) ceṇḍi wet

Kodagu : taṇi- (taṇiv-, taṇiñj-)

Kodagu meaning : (thing) becomes cold

Kodagu derivates : taṇɨ, taṇɨpɨ coolness; taṇṇane comfortably, without trouble (of living); taŋ-gūḷɨ rice cooked previous day

Tulu : taṇu, tanu

Tulu meaning : coolness, cold, quenching, appeasement

Tulu derivates : taṇṇīr cold water; taṇasụ, tanasụ wetness, dampness; wet; taṇipuni, tanipuni to cool, pacify, soothe, comfort; taṇiyuni, taniyuni to become cool, calm; taṇṇasụ, taṇṇi cold; tannena cold, cool; talmena, taṇṇana, taṇṇụmeṇa refreshment, revival, relief; tampu coolness, cold; cool, cold; taññana rice boiled in the preceding evening, stale food; caṇḍi wetness; wet, moist, humid; saniyuni to become cold, be cool, be softened; saṇipuni, sanipuni to cool, render cool, refresh, set at ease; sanipāvuni to make cold or cool, pacify, conciliate, comfort; sampu coolness, coldness, sufficiency, competency, plenty, abundance; cool, cold, refreshing, pleasant, mild, sufficient, plenty; coolly, gently; sampāvuni to become calm or cool; cammi dampness, moisture; (B-K) caṇḍru cold water

Proto-Nilgiri : *taṇ-

Number in DED : 3045

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *taṇ-

Meaning : cold

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : taṇ "coldness, calmness, satisfaction (e. g. taṇīr cold water, ta biṭ cold food, ta gū cold cooked grain)"

Toda : toṇf "coldness"

Additional forms : Also Kota taṇ in- (id_-) to become cool, abate; tayṇ- (taṇc-) (body) becomes cool (in fever, at point of death); taṇc- (taṇc-) to make to become cool, calm; Toda toḍwɨ̄r_ (< toṇ-twɨ̄r_ stale food); to moʒ stale buttermilk; to(ṇ) ṇes_of cool moonlight; toṇ ɨn- (ɨd_-) to give blessings, give prosperity; toṇy- (toṇs-) to become damp, cool, calm; toṇc- (toṇč-) to make cool, calm

Number in DED : 3045