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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *mài
Meaning: shoot, sprout
Russian meaning: росток, побег
Old Japanese: me
Middle Japanese: me
Tokyo: mé
Kyoto: mḕ
Kagoshima: mé
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *ńằjla ( ~ -o)
Meaning: shoot, sprout; teeth, gills
Russian meaning: росток, побег; зубы, жабры
Comments: Дыбо 1995b (Mong.-Tung.). The semantic interchange between 'teeth' and 'sprouts' is quite common, so in this respect the etymology seems plausible. In Jpn. one has to suppose a suffixed form *ma(i) < *ńằjl(a)-gV; medial *-j- is reconstructed to account for the loss of resonant in Kor. The root seems to be unattested in Turkic, but cf. Tur. dial. jalama 'white spot on horse's head from forehead down to the lower lip' (ЭСТЯ 4, 91) - cf. the semantic development in TM. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *ǯal-magaj
Meaning: gills
Russian meaning: жабры
Written Mongolian: ǯalmaɣai (L 1032), ǯaŋɣalai Khalkha: ʒalmagaj
Buriat: žaŋgār
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *ńal-
Meaning: 1 groove on upper lip 2 gums of teeth
Russian meaning: 1 желобок на верхней губе 2 десны
Literary Manchu: ńalma 1, ńa-si, ńa-ša 2
Comments: ТМС 1, 630, 636. With the original meaning 'sprout' one could also compare Evk. ńalba-kta 'young grass', and perhaps Ud. ńalasa 'white strip of fur close to animals' neck' (ТМС 1, 629). tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-man,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *ní
Meaning: tooth
Russian meaning: зуб
Modern Korean: i
Middle Korean: ní
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ńVjlV
Meaning: part of face
References: ND 1591 *ńälV 'tongue' (Ur.-Drav. + one WChad. and Hitt. lala-?). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-esk,nostret-reference,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 622
Proto: *ńälmä
English meaning: tongue
German meaning: Zunge
Saam (Lapp): njal'bme -lm- (N) 'mouth', njal'mē (L) 'Mund, Maul', ńāilme (T), ńāilm, nailm (A) 'Mund, Mündung'
Mari (Cheremis): jǝlmǝ (KB), jǝ̑lme (U B), ńǝ̑lme (P) 'Zunge, Sprache'
Khanty (Ostyak): ńälǝm (V), ńȧtǝm (DN), ńålǝm (O)
Mansi (Vogul): ńiĺǝm (TJ P), ńilǝm (KU), ńēlǝm (So.)
Hungarian: nyelv, dial. nyév, nyőve
Nenets (Yurak): (ńāmū (O) 'Zunge' - rejected by Redei)
Sammalahti's version: *n'elmä
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-saa,uralet-mar,uralet-khn,uralet-man,uralet-ugr,uralet-nen,uralet-samm2,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *nāl_-
Meaning : tongue
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *nā(v)-[lVg-]
Meaning : tongue
Tamil : nā, nākku, nāvu
Tamil meaning : tongue
Tamil derivates : nāvu (nāvi-) to thrust out the tongue and move it sideways, mock by thrusting out the tongue
Malayalam : nā, nākku, nāvu
Malayalam meaning : tongue
Kannada : nālage, nālige
Kannada meaning : tongue
Kannada derivates : (Hal.; Kumt., U.P.U.) ñālige tongue
Kodagu : nāvu
Kodagu meaning : tongue
Tulu : nālā̆yi
Tulu meaning : tongue
Number in DED : 3633
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-kod,sdret-kodmean,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-kt,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *nā-
Meaning : tongue, eddy
Kota : nālg
Toda : nōf
Additional forms : Also Kota nāv tongue, esp. of a slaughtered cow or buffalo; Toda nō taṭ roof of mouth (taṭ pot)
Number in DED : 3633
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-addition,ktet-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *nālVk-
Meaning : tongue
Telugu : nālika
Dialectal forms (1) : nāluka
Dialectal forms (2) : nālka
Merolu Telugu : nēlka
Number in DED : 3633
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-tel_2,telet-tel_3,telet-merolu,telet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *nālk-/*nav[ŋ]-
Meaning : tongue
Kolami : nālka
Naikri : nālka
Parji : nevãḍ
Ollari Gadba : nāŋ
Salur Gadba : nāngu
Number in DED : 3633
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-kolami,kogaet-naikri,kogaet-parji,kogaet-ollari,kogaet-salur,kogaet-dednum,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *nāl-
Meaning : tongue
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-kon,
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Konda etymology :
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Konda : nālika
Meaning: tongue
Number in DED : 3633
konet-meaning,konet-prnum,konet-dednum,
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Eskimo etymology :
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Proto-Eskimo: *Nǝʁilǝk-
Meaning: uvula, to choke on sth.
Russian meaning: язычок, увула, поперхнуться
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 231
esqet-prnum,esqet-meaning,esqet-rmean,esqet-yup,esqet-inup,esqet-refer,
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Yupik etymology :
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Proto-Yupik: *Nǝʁilǝk-
Meaning: to choke on sth.
Russian Meaning: поперхнуться
Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: nǝʁilǝxtǝ- 'to swallow the wrong way'
Central Alaskan Yupik: nǝʁiɫkaʁ- 'to choke on sth. in windpipe'
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 231
yupet-prnum,yupet-mean,yupet-rmean,yupet-aay,yupet-cay,yupet-ced,
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Inupik etymology :
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Proto-Inupik: *nǝʁilǝk/ɣ-
Meaning: uvula 1, to swallow sth. wrong way 2
Russian meaning: язычок, увула 1, давиться 2
SPI Dialects: Imaq niʁílitaq 1
North Alaskan Inupik: nǝʁiĺɨk- 'to choke on. sth.'
NAI Dialects: niʁiĺɨktāq 1
Eastern Canadian Inupik: niʁilik- 2
ECI Dialects: Lab niʁiliktaq 'soft palate' [Bourq.]
Greenlandic Inupik: niʁilittaq 1, niʁiliɣ- 2
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 231
inupet-prnum,inupet-meaning,inupet-rmean,inupet-spis,inupet-nai,inupet-nais,inupet-eci,inupet-ecis,inupet-gri,inupet-ced,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : NVLV
Meaning : gums
Sino-Caucasian : ST *nī(l) 'gums'
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-scc,globet-austr,
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Austric etymology :
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Proto-Austric: *lVń
Meaning: to lick, tongue
Austroasiatic meaning: lick, tongue
Proto-Thai: lin.C tongue < KD
austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-tai,
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Austro-Asiatic etymology :
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Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *la:ń
Meaning: lick, tongue
Thai: lin.C tongue < KD
aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-thai,aaet-mon,aaet-pawa,
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Monic etymology :
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Proto-Monic: *la:ń
Meaning: lick
Presyllable: kǝ-
Modern Mon: kla:n
Nyakur: khla:ń.L
Nyakur meaning: lick
References: V121
monet-meaning,monet-prpr,monet-prnum,monet-word,monet-tc,monet-tcme,monet-bib,
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Palaung-Wa etymology :
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Proto-Palaung-Wa: *lɛ:[ń]
Meaning: to lick
Proto-Wa: **lɛń
Proto-Angku: **le:ŋ, k-
pawaet-meaning,pawaet-prnum,pawaet-prwa,pawaet-prpl,pawaet-pran,
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Plang etymology :
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Proto-Plang: *li[ń]
Meaning: to lick
Konto: liŋ.2
Konto meaning: to lick
Samtao (Paulsen): liŋ.2
Samtao (Paulsen) meaning: to lick
References: P-370: *liŋ.2
prplet-meaning,prplet-prnum,prplet-kont,prplet-kontme,prplet-sap,prplet-sapme,prplet-bib,
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