Turkic etymology : List with all references

Proto-Turkic: *Kur-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to erect (a building), to establish

Russian meaning: строить, устанавливать

Old Turkic: qur- (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qur- (MK)

Turkish: kur-

Tatar: qor-

Middle Turkic: qur- (AH, Houts.)

Uzbek: qur-

Uighur: qu(r)-

Azerbaidzhan: Gur-

Turkmen: Gur-

Kirghiz: qur-

Kazakh: qur-

Noghai: qur-

Bashkir: qor-

Balkar: qur-

Gagauz: qur-

Karaim: qur-

Karakalpak: qur-

Kumyk: qur-

Comments: VEWT 302, EDT 643, ЭСТЯ 6, 156-157. There is also a derivative *Kur-gan (see e.g. TMN 3, 542-543), which is sometimes hard to distinguish from *Kōrɨ-kan (see *Kōrɨ-).

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *kuri

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: wattle, fence, enclosure, building

Russian meaning: плетень, забор, огороженное место, постройка

Turkic: *Kur-

Mongolian: *kürijen

Tungus-Manchu: *kori

Japanese: *kuru-wa

Comments: KW 187, SKE 125, Poppe 88, TMN 1, 434. The root is actively contaminating with *k`ṓra q. v.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *kürijen

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: enclosure

Russian meaning: огороженное место, двор, забор

Written Mongolian: kürijen (L 506)

Middle Mongolian: gurijen (HY 4) 'fenced well', gure'en (SH)

Khalkha: xürēn

Buriat: xüŕē 'glass rim', xüŕēl- 'to fence, enclose', xüŕēn 'monastery'

Kalmuck: kürǟ (КРС)

Ordos: kürē

Dongxian: Goron

Dagur: xorē

Shary-Yoghur: kürēleg

Monguor: kuraŋ

Comments: MGCD 400. Mong. can hardly be the source of MTurk. qurɨqan, despite Щербак 1997, 206; Mong. > Evk. kurē̃ etc.; Chag. küren, see TMN 1, 479, Doerfer MT 24, Rozycki 147; Yak., Dolg. kürüö, see Kaɫ. MEJ 33, Stachowski 166). On Mong. > Russ. kuréń see Аникин 328.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *kori

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 frame, blockhouse 2 cage 3 shed

Russian meaning: 1 сруб 2 клетка 3 хлев

Negidal: koj 1

Literary Manchu: χorin 2,3

Ulcha: qorị 1,2

Orok: qorị 1

Nanai: qorị 1

Oroch: koi 1

Udighe: koai- (Корм. 249), kua- 'to make a blockhouse'

Comments: ТМС 1, 415. The listed forms cannot be regarded as mongolisms, despite Doerfer MT 77 (although forms like Evk. korigan are certainly < Mong., see Poppe 1966, 191).

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *kuru-wa

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: fortress embankment; quarter

Russian meaning: крепостной вал; квартал

Middle Japanese: kuru-wa

Tokyo: kùruwa

Kyoto: kúrúwá

Kagoshima: kuruwá

Comments: The accent is unclear: either *kúrúwá or *kùrúwá.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *KurV

Meaning: to fasten

Indo-European: *kʷer-

Altaic: *kuri

Uralic: *kure

Kartvelian: ? *kor- 'house, building'

Dravidian: *kurV (DED 121) [Tamil kurampu 'bank, dam, etc.'?]

References: МССНЯ 365, ОСНЯ 1, 359-360; ND 1142 *ḲurV 'to plait/wattle/tie together' (+Sem.?)

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *k(ʷ)Ar(ǝ)-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to make

Old Indian: karóti, imp. kuru, kr̥ṇóti `to do, make', ptc. kr̥tá-; kará- `doing, making', m. `hand; elephant's trunk'; kāra- `making, doing', m. `act, action'; kárman- n. `act, action, performance'

Avestan: kǝrǝnaoiti `macht, vollführt, bereitet, tut'; čarā `Mittel, Hilfsmittel, čāra `Mittel, Hilfe, List'

Other Iranian: NPers čār `Mittel'

Slavic: *kъrčь(jь)

Baltic: *kur̂- vb. tr.

Celtic: OIr cruth `Gestalt', MIr creth `Dichtung'; Cymr paraf `bewirke, verschaffe', inf. peri, 3 sg. prt. peris; pybyr `tatkräftig'; prydu `dichten', prydydd `Dichter'; pryd `Aussehen', Corn pery `du wirst machen'

Russ. meaning: делать, творить

References: WP I 517 f

Vasmer's dictionary :

Word: корч

Near etymology: II, корчий "кузнец, котельный мастер", цслав., русск.-цслав. кърчии "кузнец", χαλκεύς, Ио. Экзарх, Златостр. и др. (см. Срезн. I, 1412).

Further etymology: Обычно исходят из *кърьць и сравнивают как родственное с лит. kuriù, kùrti "создавать", др.-инд. kr̥ṇṓti, karṓti "делает, исполняет", кимр. реri "делать", рrуdуdd "поэт", ирл. сrеth "поэзия"; см. Остхоф, "Раrеrgа", 23; ВВ 24, 112; Бернекер 1, 671; Эндзелин, СБЭ 19; Педерсен, Kelt. Gr. 1, 128. В отличие от них Кнутссон (ZfslPh 4, 387 и сл.) предполагает заимствование из тюрк., сравнивая с вост. тюрк. kurč "сталь", тат. kоrоč, алт., тел., леб., узб. kurč "острый, сильный, сталь" + суф. -či (ср. казначе́й).

Pages: 2,340-341

Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *kur̂- vb. tr.

Meaning: make, build

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: kùrti (kùria, kū́rē) 'gründen, bauen, errichten, hervorbringen, schaffen'

Old Prussian: kūra `baut' Ench. 63, 23

Pokorny's dictionary :

Number: 1095

Root: kʷer-1

English meaning: to do

German meaning: `machen, gestalten'

General comments: vielleicht ursprünglich von irgendeiner nicht mehr bestimmbaren Handwerkstätigkeit

Material: Ai. karṓti (Imper. kuru), kr̥ṇṓti `macht, vollbringt', Partiz. kr̥tá-; kará- `tuend, machend', m. `Hand, Elefantenrüssel', kāra- `machend', m. `Tat', kárman- n. `Handlung, Werk', karmāra-ḥ `Schmied'; kr̥ti- `Tat'; saṃ-kr̥t `einmal'; daneben mit s- pari-ṣkar- und saṃ-skar-;

av. kǝrǝnaoiti `macht, vollführt, tut', kǝrǝtay- `Tat', Infin. kǝrǝtǝ̄e, apers. akunavam, karta-; av. čārā `Mittel, Hilfsmittel', np. čār `Mittel', cāra `Mittel, Hilfe, List'(= sl. čara `Zauber', s. unten);

osk. petiro-pert `viermal' (: ai. saṃ-kr̥t);

cymr. paraf `bewirke, verschaffe', Verbaln. peri, wozu redupl. (aus einem redupl. Präs.?) wohl cymr. pybyr `tatkräftig';

air. cruth `Gestalt', cymr. pryd (*kʷr̥tu-) `Gestalt, Zeit'; dazu vielleicht air. Cru(i)thin, mcymr. Prydyn `Pikten'; cymr. Prydain `Britannien' hat die Endung von Rhufain (Rōmanī) bezogen; acorn. prit, mcorn. prys, bret. pred `Zeit'; mir. creth `Dichtung' (*kʷr̥to-), cymr. prydu `dichten', prydydd `Dichter';

lit. kuriù, kùrti `errichten, bauen, machen', daraus vielleicht `Feuer anmachen, heizen'; lett. kur̃t `anfeuern, heizen', apr. kūra `erbaute'; anders oben S. 572.

Hierher mit der Bed. `es jemandem antun, verhexen', auch ai. kr̥tyā́ (`Handlung, Tat' und:) `Behexung, Zauber' u. dgl., gr. τέρας n. `Wunderzeichen', πέλωρ n. `Ungetüm, Ungeheuer', τελώριος μέγας, πελώριος Hes.; das π- ist Äolismus; πέλωρ, τέλωρ aus *πέρωρ, *τέρωρ dissimiliert; lit.keriù, kerė́ti `jemanden bezaubern, in der Gesundheit schädigen', kẽras `Zauber', slav. čara f. `Zauber' in abg. čarodějь `Zauberer', čari f. Pl. `Zauber, Reiz' usw.;

vielleicht mit anlaut. s- (vgl. ai. saṃ-skar-) ai. ā-ścarya- `seltsam, wunderbar', n. `Wunder', aisl. skars n. `ein Ungeheuer; Riesin', skersa f. `Riesin', skyrse m. `(übles) Vorzeichen, Phantom' (welche die suffixale Schwundstufe des es-St. τέρας enthielten).

References: WP. I 517 f., WH. I 165, 273, Trautmann 127.

Pages: 641-642

PIE database: PIE database

Uralic etymology :

Number: 424

Proto: *kure

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: to bind

German meaning: binden, schnüren

Finnish: kuro- 'fälteln, kräuseln; abschnüren, schnüren' (? > Est. dial. kuru- 'falten, Falten machen'), kure (gen. kureen) 'Falte, Runzel'

Saam (Lapp): gǫrrâ- (N) 'tie together', kårrå- (L) 'zusammenbinden, -heften', korri̊- (T), kōrre- (Kld. Not.), korrø- (A) 'binden'

Komi (Zyrian): ke̮r- 'falten, krümmen' ?

Nenets (Yurak): χūrā- (O) 'die Last im Schlitten festschnüren', χurku 'aus Rentiersehnen geflochtener Strick'

Enets (Yen): кураза 'увязал'

Nganasan (Tawgi): kürüd́a 'запутать'

Selkup: kura- (Ta., Ty.) 'flechten', kŭra- (Ke.)

Kamass: kшr-

Addenda: Koib. курлямъ 'плету'; Mot. курамъ; Taig. körü 'Strick'