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Austric etymology :

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Proto-Austric: *kaj
Meaning: dig
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
Proto-Austroasiatic: *ka:j (cf. also *ko:jh scrape)
Austroasiatic meaning: dig
Proto-Austronesian: *hukay
Austronesian meaning: dig up something buried, disinter
Proto-Thai: guj.C to dig
austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-an,austr-anme,austr-tai,

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Austro-Asiatic etymology :

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Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *ka:j
Meaning: dig
Austric etymology: Austric etymology
Proto-Katuic: *ka:j
Khmer: ka:j
Proto-Monic: *ha:j I?
References: S-68
aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-kat,aaet-kmr,aaet-mon,aaet-bib,

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Katuic etymology :

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Proto-Katuic: *ka:j
Meaning: to scrape
Presyllable: #
Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology
Proto-West Katuic: *ka:j
Proto-East Katuic: *ka:j
References: 0
Notes: cf. VN cày to plough
katet-meaning,katet-prpr,katet-prnum,katet-wkat,katet-ekat,katet-bibref,katet-notes,

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West Katuic etymology :

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Proto-West Katuic: *ka:j
Meaning: to scrape
Presyllable: #
Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology
Bru Van Keu: ka:j
Bru Van Keu meaning: to scratch, scrape; kaj to plough
So: ka:j.N
So meaning: to scoop out dirt
Bru: ka:j.N
Bru meaning: to scratch, scrape (as with claws), to scoop (with both hands), to dig (with claws)
wkatet-meaning,wkatet-wpre,wkatet-prnum,wkatet-vkv,wkatet-vkvme,wkatet-so,wkatet-some,wkatet-bru,wkatet-brume,

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East Katuic etymology :

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Proto-East Katuic: *ka:j
Meaning: to scrape
Presyllable: #
Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology
Pakoh: ka:j
Pakoh meaning: to plow with water buffalo; kǝna:j plowed ground
Ngeq: ka:j
Ngeq meaning: to plant, transplant
ekatet-meaning,ekatet-epre,ekatet-prnum,ekatet-pak,ekatet-pakme,ekatet-nge,ekatet-ngeme,

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Khmer etymology :

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Khmer: ka:j
Meaning: to scrape, scratch; to dig up, plow
Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology
References: JP8
kmret-meaning,kmret-prnum,kmret-ref,

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Monic etymology :

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Proto-Monic: *ha:j
Meaning: to dig
Presyllable: kǝ-
Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology
Modern Mon: kha:j
Middle Mon: kha:j
Nyakur: kha:j.L
Nyakur meaning: to dig
References: V276; S-68
monet-meaning,monet-prpr,monet-prnum,monet-word,monet-mm,monet-tc,monet-tcme,monet-bib,

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Long-range etymologies :

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Borean (approx.) : KVWV
Meaning : cave, hole
Eurasiatic : *ḳVjwV
Afroasiatic : *kVw- 'hole' (Sem., Cush.)
Sino-Caucasian : *guHV́ ( ~ ḳ-)
Austric : *kaj
Amerind (misc.) : *(o)kua 'dig' (R 172) [+ A K]
Reference : ND 1228; Peiros 1989, 127.
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-austr,globet-amer,globet-reference,

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Nostratic etymology :

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Eurasiatic: *ḳVjwV
Meaning: cave, hole
Borean: Borean
Indo-European: *kaiu̯- ( + *ḱawǝ- 'hollow')
Altaic: ? Turk. *Kuj 'cave, ravine'
Uralic: *kojwa
Dravidian: *gav-i
Comments: See also *ḳVjV.
References: МССНЯ 362, ОСНЯ 1, 333-334; ND 1228 *ḳäwV 'cavity, hole', 1241 *Ḳay(i)wa 'to dig'. ? Cf. Austric: PAN *hukay, PAA *ka:j 'dig' (? and PSC *HárxqwV).
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-notes,nostret-reference,

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Indo-European etymology :

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Proto-IE: *kaiw-
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Meaning: pit, hole
Old Indian: kévaṭa- m. `cave, hollow'
Old Greek: LS 858: kái̯adas, -ọ̄ dor. a m. 'a pit or underground cavern in Sparta, into which state-prisoners or their corpses were thrown' Th., Paus; kai̯átas, kai̯étas Eust. 1478.45; kai̯etós m. 'fissure produced by earthquake' Str. 8.5.7.; Lakedái̯mona kaietáessan 'full of hollows or abysses' (read by Zenod. for kētṓessan in Od. 4.1.; boeot. kaiéta = kalamínthē Hsch., kai̯étas in Apoll. Lex. s.v. kētṓessan; gen.pl. kai̯atō̂n Anon. Lond. 36.57 [kái̯ata Hsch. doesn't exist!]
Russ. meaning: яма
References: WP I 327 f
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-greek,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,

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Pokorny's dictionary :

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Number: 820
Root: kaiu̯r̥-t, kaiu̯n̥-t
English meaning: hole, ravine
German meaning: `Grube, Kluft'
Material: Ai. kḗvaṭa- m. `Grube';

    gr. καίατα ὀρύγματα Hes., hom. καιατόεσσα (Λακεδαίμων; so für überliefertes κητώεσσα herzustellen) `klüftereich', καιάδας Erdschlund in Sparta (δ wie in δεκάδ- : lit. dẽšimt-).

References: WP. I 327, Specht Idg. Dekl. 25.
Pages: 521
PIE database: PIE database
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,

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Uralic etymology :

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Number: 338
Proto: *kojwa
> Nostratic: > Nostratic
English meaning: to dig, scoop
German meaning: graben, schöpfen
Finnish: kaiva- 'graben, kratzen, schaben', kaivo 'Brunnen' ( > Saam. N gai'vu ~ gāivu 'well of water, Kld. Not. kajv 'Quelle')
Estonian: kaeva- 'graben, aushöhlen; bohren'; kaev (gen. kaevu) 'Brunnen, Schacht'
Saam (Lapp): goai'vo- -iv- (N) 'ladle (out), draw (water); shovel', kåivo- (L) 'graben, schöpfen; (im Schnee) scharren und weiden', koåjva- (T), koajve- (Kld. Not.), kojvø- (A) 'schöpfen'; goai'vo -iv- (N) 'shovel, spade', kåi'vō (L) 'Schaufel, Schippe', koajva (T), koajv (Kld. Not.) 'Spaten'
Mordovian: kojme, kojmä (E), kajmä (M)
Mari (Cheremis): koe- (KB) 'graben, schaufeln', kue- (B) 'schaufeln'; koĺmǝ̑ (KB), koĺmo (U) 'hölzerner Spaten', koĺmo (B) 'Spaten'
Nenets (Yurak): śīwa (O) 'Schaufel'
Enets (Yen): sea 'Spaten'
Nganasan (Tawgi): kaibu
Selkup: kō 'id.; Ruder, Riemen, großes Ruder in Tiefwasser verwendet'
Sammalahti's version: FP *ka/ojwa-
Addenda: Liv. koù̯v- 'graben, stoßen', koù̯v 'Brunnen', ? kō̮i, kā̊i 'Löffel'
Yukaghir parallels: S. UEW; + Tu
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-saa,uralet-mrd,uralet-mar,uralet-nen,uralet-enc,uralet-nga,uralet-slk,uralet-samm2,uralet-add,uralet-yuk,

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Dravidian etymology :

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Proto-Dravidian : *gav-i
Meaning : cave
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Proto-South Dravidian: *gav-i
Proto-Telugu : *gav-
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,

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South Dravidian etymology :

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Proto-South Dravidian : *gav-i
Meaning : cave
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Tamil : kevi
Tamil meaning : deep valley, cave
Kannada : gavi
Kannada meaning : cave
Kannada derivates : (Nanj.) gambu cave of wild animals
Tulu : gavi
Tulu meaning : cave, hole, cell
Number in DED : 1332
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-dednum,

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Telugu etymology :

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Proto-Telugu : *gav-
Meaning : cavern
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Telugu : gavi
Number in DED : 1332
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-dednum,

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Sino-Caucasian etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *guHV́ ( ~ ḳ-)
Meaning: hole
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
Sino-Tibetan: *khuā(H)
Yenisseian: *gu (~k-)
Comments and references : Somewhat differently in HGC 30; cf. *ɦŏmG_VwV.
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-notes,

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Sino-Tibetan etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *khuā(H)
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: mouth, hole
Chinese: *khōʔ mouth.
Burmese: ku a cave, cavity, grave.
Kachin: (H) khu a hole, opening.
Lushai: kua (ko) a hole, a burrow, a cavity.
Comments: BG *k(h)u mouth: Garo ku ~ khu, Dimasa khu. Ben. 184.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-lush,stibet-comments,

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Chinese characters :

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Character:
Modern (Beijing) reading: kǒu
Preclassic Old Chinese: khōʔ
Classic Old Chinese: khṓ
Western Han Chinese: khwā́
Eastern Han Chinese: khwā́
Early Postclassic Chinese: khṓw
Middle Postclassic Chinese: khǝ̄̀w
Late Postclassic Chinese: khǝ̄̀w
Middle Chinese: khʌ́w
English meaning : mouth
Russian meaning[s]: 1) рот, уста; 2) отверстие; дыра; прореха; пробоина; жерло (орудия); горлышко (сосуда); 3) устье (реки); порт, гавань; вход; выход; горный проход, перевал; 4) лезвие; 5) счетный суффикс а) для людей; б) для домашних животных; в) для предметов с крышкой или отверстием; г) для лезвий, ножей; д) глоток (воды); затяжка (табака); 6) устно, на словах; произношение, выговор; обсуждать; 7) сокр. г. Калган
Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology
Dialectal data: Dialectal data
Radical: 30
Four-angle index: 1061
Karlgren code: 0110 a-c
Vietnamese reading: khâ`u
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-viet,

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Chinese Dialects :

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Number: 32
Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology
Character:
MC description : 流開一上厚溪
ZIHUI: 0656 1558
Beijing: khou 2
Jinan: khou 2
Xi'an: khou 2
Taiyuan: khou 2
Hankou: khou 2
Chengdu: khǝu 2
Yangzhou: khôɨ 2
Suzhou: khöy 2
Wenzhou: khǝu 21
Changsha: khôu 2
Shuangfeng: khie 2
Nanchang: khiɛu 2
Meixian: khɛu 2
Guangzhou: hau 21
Xiamen: khɔ 2 (lit.); khau 2
Chaozhou: khau 21
Fuzhou: keu 2 (lit.); khau 2
Shanghai: khôɨ 3
Zhongyuan yinyun: khou 2
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,

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Yenisseian etymology :

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Proto-Yenisseian: *gu (~k-)
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: opening (of a sack, door)
Ket: kū, pl. kūneŋ1
Yug: ku, pl. kunɨŋ1
Comments: ССЕ 229. Werner 1, 458 <*ku>.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-notes,

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