Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *qɨma A (~-i- B)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 rain 2 clouds

Tsezi: qema 1

Ginukh: qema 1

Khvarshi: qema 2

Bezhta: qimaro 2 (Khosh)

Comments: PTsKh *qɨma. In Bezht. only the original plural form (meaning 'clouds') is preserved.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *ḳ_wɨ̆mhV ( ~ -ɦ-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: cloud, fog

Proto-Nakh: *ṭq̇aw

Proto-Tsezian: *qɨma A (~-i- B)

Proto-Lezghian: *k:om:ol

Proto-West Caucasian: *naq̇ʷa

Notes: A reconstruction *ḳ_wɨ̆nhV (with secondary assimilation > *ḳ_wɨ̆mhV in PEC and metathesis > *nhɨ̆ḳ_wV > *naq̇ʷa in PWC) is also not excluded. The Nakh form here is questionable (it can belong here only if PN *ṭq̇ can really reflect PEC *ḳw which is somewhat dubious); all other forms belong together with a high degree of probability.

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *ṭq̇aw

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: rain mixed with snow

Chechen: ṭq̇ow

Ingush: ṭq̇ow

Comments: 4th class in both languages. Obl. base *ṭq̇awni- (cf. Chech. ṭq̇ewna-).

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *k:om:ol

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 cloud 2 rheumatism

Lezghian: kp:ul 2

Rutul: gɨbɨl 1,2

Tsakhur: gumɨl' 1

Comment: 4th class in Rut. and Tsakh. (in Tsakh. free variants exist: gɨmɨl', gumɨl' and gumul'). Note the peculiar semantic shift: 'cloud' > 'damp,cold' > 'rheumatism'.

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *naq̇ʷa

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: fog

Abkhaz: á-naq̇ʷa

Comments: Isolated in Abkh., but having probable parallels in EC.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *xḳwǝ̆́ŋhV

Meaning: fog, mist

North Caucasian: *ḳ_wɨ̆mhV ( ~ -ɦ-)

Yenisseian: *qo(ʔ)ŋ (~χ-)

Basque: *kain

Comments and references : HGC 30, NSC 56 *ḳwVmHV, LDC 26.

Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *qo(ʔ)ŋ (~χ-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: fog

Yug: χoaŋ (Кастр.)

Comments: ССЕ 261. Werner 2, 390.

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *kain

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: fog, mist, large storm clouds

Bizkaian: kain

Comments: This word was attested in 1496, in the early text Refranes y sentencias, as {cayna} 'niebla, vaho, nubarrones'.

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