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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *manV
Meaning: warm
Tabasaran: mani
Comment: Isolated within Lezghian, but with probable external parallels.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-tab,lezget-comment,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *mhălV- ~ *mhănV-
Meaning: warm
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. The Nakh, Darg. and Tab. forms are hard to separate, although we have to assume different as-/dissimilations to unite them (in PD obviously *wana- < *mana-, because genuine w- is very rare in PD; and either PN *mɦal- through dissimilation < *mɦan-, or PD, PL *manV- through assimilation < *malV-). Since interaction of this kind between two neighbouring resonants is very frequent in Caucasian languages, we think that the etymology is rather probable.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *mɦal-i(n)
Meaning: warm; weak, loose
Chechen: mela
Ingush: mela
Batsbi: malĩ
Comments: The laryngeal in the initial cluster is preserved only in the Shar. dialect (mʕalĩ); cf. also Cheb. malĩ, Khild. melĭ, Ved. mene, Kharach. mene etc. The pure base is seen in Chech. mal-dan "to weaken, loosen".
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *wana-
Meaning: warm
Akusha: wana-si
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *mHănV
Meaning: soft, warm
Comments and references : WFR 54. For PN *mʕal- cf. rather PST *mējH 'fire'.
sccet-meaning,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-basq,sccet-notes,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *nēmH
Meaning: soft
Burmese: nu-ńamʔ soft.
Kachin: (H) nam be soft, fluffy or downy.
Lushai: nēm soft, yielding; fine in texture; weak (as beer); KC *r-nēm.
Comments: Sh. 411; Coblin 136.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-lush,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 染
Modern (Beijing) reading: rǎn
Preclassic Old Chinese: namʔ (~ -emʔ)
Classic Old Chinese: nám
Western Han Chinese: nám
Eastern Han Chinese: ńám
Early Postclassic Chinese: ńém
Middle Postclassic Chinese: ńém
Late Postclassic Chinese: ńém
Middle Chinese: ńém
English meaning : be soft
Comments: Somewhat later (since late Zhou) the character was also used for a homonymous *namʔ (~-emʔ) 'to dye, smear; (dye >) infect'(with a variant *namʔ-s, MC ńèm). Viet. nhiễm is a standard reading; there also exists a colloquial loan nhuộm 'to dye'. For *n cf. Xiamen nĩ3, Chaozhou ziǝm3, Fuzhou nieŋ3, Jianou niŋ3.
Radical: 0
Four-angle index: 0
Karlgren code: 0623 a
Vietnamese reading: nhiễm
Jianchuan Bai: sẽ1
Dali Bai: ze1
Bijiang Bai: lu5
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-viet,bigchina-jianchuan,bigchina-dali,bigchina-bijiang,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 766
Character: 染
MC description : 咸開三上琰日
ZIHUI: 2676 1735
Beijing: ẓan 2
Jinan: ẓã 2
Xi'an: ẓã 2
Taiyuan: zä̃ 2
Hankou: nan 2
Chengdu: zan 2
Yangzhou: î̃ 2
Suzhou: zö 32
Wenzhou: ńi 22
Changsha: yẽ XH
Shuangfeng: ńî̃ 2
Nanchang: lɛn 2
Meixian: ńiam 3
Guangzhou: jim 22
Xiamen: ʒiam 2 (lit.); nĩ 2
Chaozhou: ziǝm 21
Fuzhou: lieŋ 2
Shanghai: zö 32
Zhongyuan yinyun: žiem 2
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Basque etymology :
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Proto-Basque: *mali / *mal-
Meaning: 1 weak, feeble 2 soft, mild 3 flexible, elastic 4 to weaken, worsen, spoil
Gipuzkoan: mal-gu 2, 3, mal-so 2
Low Navarrese: mali-no 1, mal-so 2, (Amikuse) mali 1
Lapurdian: mal-ba 1, maria-tu 4, (Ainhoa) mal-gu 2, 3
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-gip,basqet-bnv,basqet-lab,
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