Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *ʔiχ:a-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to stand 2 to stand up

Rutul: χIɨʁI-ɨ=χIa- 1

Archi: χ:a- 2

Comment: In Rut. the root is attested only with a complex preverb χIɨ-ʁI- (imposing pharyngealisation on the root consonant).

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *=Hiq_Ē

Meaning: to rise, grow

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *=oq:- ( ~ -a-)

Proto-Tsezian: *=[ɨ]χ:-

Proto-Lak: buIχ-t:ul-

Proto-Dargwa: *=uq-

Proto-Lezghian: *ʔiχ:a-

Proto-West Caucasian: *q́:Ia ( ~ *q̇́Ia)

Notes: Correspondences are regular, and the etymology seems satisfactory in all respects.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *=oq:- ( ~ -a-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to stand up 2 to rise, grow 3 to raise

Avar: =aq:n- 1

Chadakolob: ṭa=oqn- 1

Akhvakh: aq:- (Tseg.) 3

Chamalal: eq:n- 2

Karata: =aq:- 2

Comments: Cf. also Av. =aq:-ár- 'to stand up (frequently)'. The -n-conjugation in some dialects is probably secondary.

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *=[ɨ]χ:-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: tall, high, large

Tsezi: =iχ-iju

Inkhokvari: =ɨχu

Comments: PTsKh *=[ɨ]χ-(ij)u. Tsez. -i- is probably assimilated < *=eχ-iju (the normal correspondence for Inkh. ɨ is Tsez. e).

Lak etymology :

Lak root: buIχ-t:ul-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: high, tall

Lak form: buIχ-t:ul-s:a

Comments: Cf. Khosr. buχIt:ul-s:a id. (b- is a historical prefix). Perhaps an etymological doublet of this root (reflecting old interdialectal influence) is the verb =uIqa-n 'to be high, good (of crops)' (cf. the meanings in Darg. dialects).

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *=uq-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to grow

Akusha: =uq-es

Comments: Cf. Ur. =irq- / =uq- 'to be high, good (of crops)'.

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *q́:Ia ( ~ *q̇́Ia)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to raise, to lift

Adyghe: ʡa-tǝ-n

Kabardian: ʡa-tǝ-n

Ubykh: q̇á-śa-

Comments: PAK *ʡa-tǝ-; Ub. a-s-q̇á-śa-n. Both PAK and Ub. reflect compounds with unclear second components. Since, despite Dumézil (1932, 107-108), PAK *t can not correspond to Ub. ś, we have to admit that the meaning 'to lift, raise' is here expressed by the component PAK *ʡa-, Ub. q̇a- < PWC *q́:Ia- (or *q̇́Ia-), which must be therefore distinguished from the homonymous PWC root for 'hand' (q.v.).

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