Lezghian etymology : List with all references

Proto-Lezghian: *HVχ:ʷV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 good 2 kind 3 handsome

Agul: beχ:er 3 (Bursh.)

Rutul: hɨχ-dɨ 1

Archi: buχI:a 2

Comment: There is not enough evidence to reconstruct the vocalism and the initial laryngeal (probably explaining the excessive pharyngealization in Arch.).

Proto-North Caucasian: *HVχ_wV ( ~ -q_-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: good

Proto-Lak: χ:uj-

Proto-Lezghian: *HVχ:ʷV

Notes: A Lak-Lezg. isogloss.

Lak root: χ:uj-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: good

Lak form: χ:uj-s:a

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *HV́[q]wV

Meaning: good

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *HVχ_wV ( ~ -q_-)

Sino-Tibetan: *xūH

Yenisseian: *ha(ʔ)q-

Burushaski: *qha

Comments and references : HGC 19. 6th tone in PY contradicts tenseness in PNC, but may be just a misrecording.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *xūH

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: pleasant, good

Chinese: 好 *xūʔ good, fine

Tibetan: mkho pleasant

Comments: Cf. Jiarong kǝ-hou 'good'. In STEDT 136-137 the Chin. form is compared with TB *hu 'born/birth/rear'; the root is attested, however, only in Bokar, Padam-Mising, a Meithei compound, Qiang χu 'to give birth' and several Lolo-Burmese languages, and does not seem very reliable.

Character: 好

Modern (Beijing) reading: hǎo

Preclassic Old Chinese: hūʔ

Classic Old Chinese: hū́

Western Han Chinese: hǝ̄́w

Eastern Han Chinese: hǝ̄́w

Early Postclassic Chinese: hǝ̄́w

Middle Postclassic Chinese: hā́w

Late Postclassic Chinese: hā́w

Middle Chinese: xấw

English meaning : be good, fine

Russian meaning[s]: 1) хороший, прекрасный; хорошо; ладно; браво!; быть в хороших отношениях; 2) здоровый; выздороветь, поправиться; здравствуйте; 3) красивый, изящный; удобный; удобно (что-либо делать); 4) годный; удобный; приятный для (чего-л.); образует прилагательные; 5) уметь; быть сильным в (чем-л.); 6) чрезвычайно; 7) разве; разве не...; совсем не...; 8) глагольный суффикс результата действия; 9) чтобы; чтобы удобнее...; [hào] любить; пристраститься к (чему-л.)

Shuowen gloss: 美也.從女子.

Comments: Also read *hūʔ-s, MC xầw, Mand. hào, Viet. háo 'to love'. Viet. has also another loan from the same source (MC xấw) - Viet. hâ`u 'good, nice, delicious'; cf. also Viet. hiếu 'to like, love, be fond' (a contamination with 孝 q.v.?).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 38

Four-angle index: 3044

Karlgren code: 1044 a-e

Vietnamese reading: ha`o

Jianchuan Bai: xu1

Dali Bai: xu1

Bijiang Bai: xu1

Shijing occurrences: 1.1, 7.2, 29.2_, 32.4, 41.1, 41.2, 41.3

Number: 255

Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology

Character: 好

MC description : A: 效開一上皓曉; B: 效開一去號曉

ZIHUI: A: 1170 1395; B: 1170 1396

Beijing: A: xau 2; B: xau 3

Jinan: A: xɔ 2; B: xɔ 3

Xi'an: A: xau 2; B: xau 3

Taiyuan: A: xau 2; B: xau 3

Hankou: A: xau 2; B: xau 3

Chengdu: A: xau 2; B: xau 3

Yangzhou: A: xɔ 2; B: xɔ 3

Suzhou: A: hä 2; B: hä 31

Wenzhou: A: xз 21; B: xз 31

Changsha: A: xau 2; B: xau 31

Shuangfeng: A: xǝ 2; B: xǝ 31

Nanchang: A: hau 2; B: hau 2

Meixian: A: hau 2; B: hau 3

Guangzhou: A: hou 21; B: hou 31

Xiamen: A: ho 2; hõ 2; B: haũ 31; hɔ̃ 31

Chaozhou: A: ho 21; B: haũ 31

Fuzhou: A: xɔ 2; B: xɔ 31

Shanghai: A: hɔ 3; B: hɔ 3

Zhongyuan yinyun: A: xau 2; B: xau 3

Proto-Yenisseian: *haq-

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: good

Ket: aq-ta⁶; aqtǝm⁶ "well"

Yug: ax-ta⁶; axtɛ² "well"

Kottish: hag-ši "good, suitable"

Arin: bergar-ɨktu (Лоск.) "good" [berga(r)- "big, very"]

Pumpokol: ekte-ket (Срсл.) "лепо (hübsch)"; ektem "gut" (the forms can also be Yug)

Comments: ССЕ 230. Werner 1, 52 *aqtǝ; doubts (for an unclear reason) the relationship of Kott. hagši. The relationship of Kott. hamā 'good', haŋo 'better' is not quite clear (see Werner 1, 298).

Common Burushaski: *qha

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: good

Yasin: xa

Comments: Cf. perhaps Hun., Nag. -qhū́- `to become happy'

Borean (approx.) : HVKV

Meaning : good

Sino-Caucasian : *HV́[q]wV

Amerind (misc.) : *q̇ʷaʔ 'good' (R 328) [+ A K]

Lezghian etymology :

North Caucasian etymology :

Lak etymology :

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Chinese characters :

Chinese Dialects :

Yenisseian etymology :

Burushaski etymology :

Long-range etymologies :