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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *ʎ:ʷV
Meaning: 1 together 2 near 3 series Ad
Lezghian: -v 3
Tabasaran: -x (f-) 3
Agul: -v 3
Rutul: -xʷ 3
Kryz: -v 3
Budukh: -v 3
Archi: ʎ:ʷa 1, ʎ:ʷa-k 2; -ʎ:u comitative
Udi: -χ dative, -χo ablative, -χo-l comitative, -χu-n 'while'
Comment: The root is an original adverb, and is preserved in Arch. in this function: ʎ:ʷa 'together', ʎ:ʷa-k 'near' (cf. perhaps also Rut. xur-baj 'in front'?). In all other Lezghian languages it is preserved only as a case suffix (this function had been present already in PL, cf. Arch. -ʎ:u id.) or a preverb meaning 'near, by'. See Aлексеев 1985, 52.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-krz,lezget-bud,lezget-arc,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *x_wE
Meaning: together, close to
Proto-West Caucasian: *x́ʷa Notes: A common NC particle (adverb); it is rarely preserved as an independent word (e.g. in Archi), and more frequently used as a suffixed particle, locative case marker or a preverb (a typical distribution for PWC locative adverbs).
caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-lak,caucet-lezg,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *-ʎV
Meaning: 1 dat. 2 infinit. 3 transform. 4 together, with (suffixed particle)
Andian language: -ʎu (dial.) 1, -ʎo 3
Chamalal: -ʎa 1
Tindi: -ʎa 1, 2
Botlikh: -ʎ:i 4
Godoberi: -ʎi 1, -ʎ:i 4
Comments: Tenseness in the Botl. and God. variants is not quite clear (emphatic gemination or misrecording?).
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-and,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-btl,aandet-gdb,aandet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: -x:-
Meaning: suffix of the series Ad ("close to")
Lak form: -x:-
Comments: Used in cases like č̣ira-x 'at the wall, close to the wall', č̣ira-x:-un 'towards the wall' etc. Possibly the same morpheme can be found in Lak. x:i-č̣, Khosr. x:ʷi-č̣ 'front, in front'.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *x́ʷa
Meaning: in favour of, for (smth.) (preverb)
Adyghe: fa-
Kabardian: xʷa-
Ubykh: χ́a-
Comments: PAK *xʷa-.
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-ubk,abadet-comment,
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