South Dravidian etymology : List with all references

Proto-South Dravidian : *adum-

Meaning : to grind; to press, squeeze

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : atakku (atakki-)

Tamil meaning : to grind, rub in the hand, press softly as fruit, cram in the mouth as betel, subdue, subject, control

Tamil derivates : atavu to kill, attack; atuŋku (atuŋki-) to be forced out or in by pressure, be stuffed in, compressed; atukku (atukki-) to press with fingers (as a ripe fruit or boil), squeeze, pinch (as the stomach in grief), bite (as one's lips), chew, stuff into the mouth; n. state of being pressed in (as of parts of a vessel); atukkam reduced condition (as of a boil)

Malayalam : atakkuka

Malayalam meaning : to cram down, turn betel in the mouth

Malayalam derivates : atukkuka to squeeze

Kannada : adaku, adapu, adamu, adimu, adugu, adupu, adubu, adumu

Kannada meaning : to press, compress, squeeze, cram; to be depressed, bruised (as a metal vessel)

Kannada derivates : adakisu, adugisu, adumisu to cause to press, etc.; adaku a bruise in a metal vessel; adugu to be mollified by being pressed with the fingers; adugisu to mollify by pressing

Notes : The presence of an inlaut *-m- in this root is well confirmed by external data. We have, therefore, to regard Kannaḍa forms like adamu, adimu, adumu as the most archaic, despite the confusing mixture of dialectal forms. In Tamil a form like *atumu would be impossible since -umu can only be found after resonants (cf. ur_umu, kuẓumu etc.); it is possible that Kan. adumu = Tam. atavu, with secondary loss of nasalisation in Tamil (although the 2nd syllable vowel is still irregular). However, the original *atum- may have yielded atuŋ- when combined with the intransitive suffix: *atum- + *-ŋ- > atuŋku, and atukk- when combined with the corresponding transitive suffix. The form atakku is then either dialectal or due to contamination with aṭakku 'control, repress, conceal' (cf. the spectrum of meanings).

Number in DED : 0133

Proto-Dravidian : *adúm-

Meaning : to squeeze, press

Proto-South Dravidian: *adum-

Proto-Telugu : *adum-

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *adm-

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *adm-

Notes : The auslaut -m- in this root is only "detached" in Tamil, and even there in most forms it can be explained as the result of a secondary loss; its status as part of the root is quite obviously Proto-Dravidian. // Present in 4/6 branches.

Proto-Telugu : *adum-

Meaning : to press, squeeze

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : adumu

Telugu (Krishnamurti) : adumu

Additional forms : Also adumuḍu pressing, squeezing, pressure

Number in DED : 133

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *adm-

Meaning : to press

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kolami : adum- (adumt-)

Naikri : adum-

Naiki : adum- "to squeeze, press"

Parji : ayb-

Poya Gadba : adb-

Notes : A very rare case of such a cluster in PKG, resulting in a unique occurrence of -yb- in Parji.

Number in DED : 133

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *adm-

Meaning : to press

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *adm-

Meaning : to press

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Mandla Gondi (Williamson) : admáná

Muria Gondi : adm-

Seoni Gondi : adm-

Koya Gondi : adm-

Maria Gondi (Mitchell) : ādmānā

Number in DED : 133

Number in CVOTGD : 50

South Dravidian etymology :

Dravidian etymology :

Telugu etymology :

Kolami-Gadba etymology :

Gondwan etymology :

Gondi etymology :