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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ṗVjrV
Meaning: to turn, revolve
References: ND 1784 *P_oRwV 'to turn, revolve' ( ? + EChad. Ke.); 1805 *P_eŕḲV(ʕa) 'to turn round, twist' (IE *sperg- + Ur. + Alt. from *ṗVrV + Berb. and dub. Arab.). Cf. *ṗVrV. nostret-meaning,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *sper-
Meaning: to twist
Tokharian: A spārtw-, B spārtt- 'to turn (tr., intr.), conduct oneself, behave' (Adams 715)
Armenian: pharem, pharim 'umarme, umschließe'
Old Greek: speîra 'Windung', speiráō 'winde, wickle', spárto-n n., spártǟ f. 'gedrehtes oder geflochtenes Seil', ? spürís 'geflochtener Korb'
Russ. meaning: крутить
piet-meaning,piet-tokh,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-balt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *spar-t-a- c.
Meaning: ribbon
Old Lithuanian: { sparta-s 'Band' }
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-olith,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 1841
Root: sper-3
English meaning: to turn, wind
German meaning: `drehen, winden'
Material: Gr. σπει̃ρα f. `Windung, Spirale, alles Geflochtene (z. B. vom Netz, Tau)', σπειράω `winde, wickle', σπείρᾱμα `Windung, Windel'; σπάρτος m. `ein Strauch, aus dessen Ruten man Bander oder Stricke flocht', σπάρτον, σπάρτη `gedrehtes oder geflochtenes Seil'; σπυρίς (ion. σφυρίς) `geflochtener Korb' (aus dem Akk. σπυρίδα stammt durch etrusk. Vermittlung lat. sporta `geflochtener Korb'); alit. spartas `Band'; wahrscheinlich hierher arm. p`arem, p`arim `umschließe, umarme'.
g-Erweiterung spereg-, nas. spreng- `winden, umwickeln, dadurch eng zusammenschnüren':
Gr. σπάργω `wickle ein', σπάργανον `Windel';
lit. springstù, spriñgti `würgen (Intr., beim Schlucken)', sprengė́ti ds., sprangùs `würgend', lett. sprangât `einschnüren'.
References: WP. II 667 f., Trautmann 279.
Pages: 991-992
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *p`i̯áru
Meaning: to spin, plait, wrap
Russian meaning: прясть, заплетать, заворачивать
Comments: EAS 53, 126, Poppe 11, 98, Цинциус 1984, 44-45, Rozycki 79. Despite Doerfer MT 23, TM cannot be borrowed from Mong. Kor. *pòròkí can be alternatively compared with PT *bele- 'to swaddle' (ЭСТЯ 2, 111-112). altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *ar-
Meaning: 1 weft, woof 2 warp
Russian meaning: 1 уто́к 2 основа ткани
Old Turkic: arušɨ arqaɣɨ (Ough.) 1
Karakhanid: arqaɣ (MK, IM) 1, arɨš 2 Turkish: arɣač (-ǯɨ) 1, eriš, Osm. arɨš 2
Uzbek: dial. arɣa 1
Uighur: arqaq 1
Azerbaidzhan: arɣaǯ 1, äriš 2
Turkmen: arGač 1, arGa- 'шить кое-как', eriš 2
Khakassian: arɣa- 'вышивать гладью'
Oyrat: arkū 1
Chuvash: ura 1
Tuva: eriš 2
Comments: VEWT 25, 26 (confused with *arka-), EDT 216, 239, ЭСТЯ 1, 170, Федотов 2, 284, Лексика 396. Turk. > WMong. arqaɣ, Kalm. arxǝɣ (KW 14, Щербак 1997, 101). The front row variant *eriĺ is peculiar: it may reflect a merger with a different root, reflected in Chuv. arla- `to spin', with possible parallels in Mong. ere- `to wind, tie round', Nan. (Kur-Urm.) erin `band, necking' (ТМС 2, 463). turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-alt,turcet-chv,turcet-tuv,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *horiɣa-, *horči-
Meaning: 1 to wrap 2 to roll, rotate
Russian meaning: 1 заворачивать, закручивать 2 вращаться
Written Mongolian: orija-, oruɣa- 1 (L 618, 621) orči- 2 (L 616) Middle Mongolian: xorči- 2 (SH), orčul- 2 (IM), hura- 1, horči-/orči- 2 (MA 238, 186, 270), horči- 2 (LH) Khalkha: orō- 1, orči- 2
Buriat: oŕō- 1, oršo- 2
Kalmuck: orā- 1, orčǝ- 2
Ordos: orō- 1, orčin 'around'
Dongxian: xoro- 1
Baoan: horǝ-
Shary-Yoghur: horō-
Monguor: furō-, xurō- (SM 111, 185), xuro- (Minghe) 1 Comments: KW 288, 290, MGCD 531. Mong. > Kaz. ora- etc. (ЭСТЯ 1, 469). monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-bao,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *por-
Meaning: 1 to spin, turn round 2 to weave (nets)
Russian meaning: 1 кружить(ся), вращать(ся) 2 плести (сети)
Evenki: horol- 1
Even: herelkin- 'to turn into'
Negidal: xojịl- 1
Spoken Manchu: forǝ-, foru- 1 (270, 1776)
Literary Manchu: foro- 1
Ulcha: pori- 2
Comments: ТМС 2, 47, 334. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-sib,tunget-man,tunget-ulc,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *pòròkí
Meaning: swaddlingclothes
Russian meaning: пеленки
Middle Korean: pòròkí
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 848
Proto: *pOrkV (*pOrɣV)
English meaning: to turn, revolve
German meaning: drehen, sich drehen
Mordovian: puvŕa- (E), puv(o)ŕa- (M) 'drehen, winden, umdrehen'
Udmurt (Votyak): porjal- (S) 'sich drehen, kreiseln' ?
Mansi (Vogul): powrit- (KM) 'sich herumwälzen'
Hungarian: forog- 'sich drehen, kreisen', fordul- 'sich drehen, wenden, gewälzt werden'
Selkup: pyrruoldša- (NP), purolda- (Ča.) 'umwenden, sich umwenden', pūroltä (TaU) 'Wirbel im Wasser' ?
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-mrd,uralet-udm,uralet-man,uralet-ugr,uralet-slk,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *pir-
Meaning : to twist, turn
dravet-meaning,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-bra,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *pir-i-
Meaning : twist
Tamil : piri
Tamil meaning : twist, strand, wisp
Malayalam : piri
Malayalam meaning : a twist, twining
Malayalam derivates : piriyuka to be twisted, warped; pirikka to twist; pirivu contortion, twisting; piriccal twisting; piriyan twisted
Kodagu : piri- (pirip-, piric-), biri- (birip-, biric-)
Kodagu meaning : to make (rope) by twisting
Kodagu derivates : (Shanmugam) pirip twisting a rope
Tulu : piri
Tulu meaning : twist, spiral thread (as of a screw)
Tulu derivates : piripuni to twist (as a rope); piripāvuni to turn, twist; pirikè twisting, winding, state of being shaped like the spiral thread of a screw; (?) pijipuni to twist (as a rope, yarn) (suggested by BRR)
Notes : Interesting variant with initial b- in Kodagu.
Number in DED : 4177
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kod,sdret-kodmean,sdret-kodder,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-kt,sdret-notes,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *pir-ĭ-
Meaning : to make (rope) by twisting
Kota : piry- (pirc-), pury- (purc-)
Number in DED : 4177
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *pir-i
Meaning : twist, strand, twisting
Telugu : piri
Dialectal forms (1) : puri
Additional forms : Also pirigonu to be twisted; twist (tr.)
Number in DED : 4177
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-tel_2,telet-addition,telet-dednum,
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Brahui etymology :
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Brahui : pir-g_h_ing
Meaning : to twist (esp. a rope)
Number in DED : 4177
braet-meaning,braet-prnum,braet-dednum,
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