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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ṭVkV
Meaning: to be completed, exhausted
References: ND 2287 *taṗka 'attack, obstruct, prevent' (FP with quite dub. Turk., Sem.). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-esk,nostret-chuk,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *dgʷhey-
Meaning: to disappear, to die
Tokharian: ? A ktsets 'finished, perfect', B ktsaitse 'old (of age' (PT *ktsaitstse) (Adams 242 with doubts)
Old Indian: kṣiṇā́ti, kṣiṇóti, kṣayati `to destroy, corrupt, ruin', ptc. kṣitá-, kṣīná-, pass. kṣīyáte; kṣaya- m. `loss, waste, wane', kṣíti- f. `wane, ruin, destruction'
Avestan: gen. xšyō `Hinschwinden, Elend, Not', inf. xšayō `um zu verderben'
Old Greek: phthínō, phthinúthō, aor. phthī̂sai, att. phthísai̯, ephtímǟn, phthímeno-, éphthithen, pf. med. éphthitai̯, va. phthitó- `hinschwinden, vergehen, umkommen' bzw. `verschwinden machen, verzehren, vernichten'; phthóǟ f. `Schwindsucht', phthísi-s `das Schwinden, Abnehmen, Auzehrung, Schwindsucht'
Latin: situs, -ūs m. `Moder, Schmutz, Schimmel, Rost'; sitis, -is (acc. -im) f. `Durst'
Russ. meaning: исчезать, погибать
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-greek,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 742
Root: gʷhðei(ǝ)-
English meaning: to perish, destroy
German meaning: `hinschwinden, zugrunde gehen', auch trans. `vernichten'
Derivatives: gʷhði-ti-s, gʷhðoi̯-o- `Untergang'
Material: Ai. kṣiṇā́ti, kṣiṇōti ( : gr. *φθιν-ω), kṣáyati `vernichtet, läßt vergehen', Partiz. kṣitá-ḥ `erschöpft' (= gr. φθιτός; śráva-ḥ ákṣitam = gr. κλέος ἄφθιτον `unverwüstlicher Ruhm'), kṣīṇá-ḥ ds., kṣīyátē `schwindet hin, nimmt ein Ende', kṣayá-ḥ `Abnahme, Untergang' (: gr. φθόη f.), kšití-ḥ `Vergehen, Untergang' (= gr. φθίσις und -?- lat. sitis; vgl. -tu-St. lat. situs); prakr. ajjḥitah- (= ἄφθιτος), jhīṇa- (= ai. kṣīṇa-);
av. aɣžōnvamnǝm `sich nicht mindernd' (Kuiper Nasalpräs. 651);
gr. ep. φθί̄νω, att. φθῐνω (*φθίνω, s. oben) `vernichte', meist intr. `schwinde hin, gehezugrunde', φθινύ-θω `schwinde hin, mache verschwinden', Fut. φθέισω (att. ἀποφθί̆σω), Aor. ἔφθεισα (att. ἀπέφθῐσα), ἐφθί̆μην, φθί̆μενος `vernichten', Pass. `zugrunde gehen', Partiz. Perf. Pass. φθιτός, φθόη `Schwindsucht', φθίσις ds. (s. oben); über vielleicht alte Doppelformen, wie ψίνεσθαι, ψινάζειν `Blüten oder Früchte abfallen lassen, verlieren', ψίσις ἀπώλεια Hes., u. dgl. s. Schwyzer Gr. Gr. I 326.
Aus dem Lat. wahrscheinlich situs, -ūs `der modrige Schmutz und Schimmel, körperliche Unreinlichkeit und alles körperliche und geistige Verrosten' und sitis `Durst' (wenn eigentlich `*Hinschwinden, Verschmachten').
References: WP. I 505 f., Schwyzer Gr. Gr. I 326, Benveniste BSL. 38, 139 ff.
Pages: 487
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-derivative,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *t`ukì
Meaning: to come to an end, be exhausted
Russian meaning: заканчиваться, истощаться
Comments: KW 406, Владимирцов 154, Poppe 57, Miller 1981, 863 (Turk.-Jpn.). Despite Щербак 1997, 160, not borrowed in Turk. < Mong. It seems worth mentioning Evk. dial. tịko- `to die (of exhaustion), starve' - which may, however, be a derivative of tik- `to fall'. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *tüke-
Meaning: to come to an end
Russian meaning: кончаться, истощаться
Old Turkic: tüke- (Orkh., OUygh.)
Karakhanid: tüke- (MK, KB, IM) Turkish: tüken-
Tatar: tögen-
Middle Turkic: tüken- (Sangl.) Uzbek: tuga-, tugan-
Uighur: tügü-
Sary-Yughur: tüke-
Azerbaidzhan: tükän-
Turkmen: tüken-
Khakassian: tügel-
Shor: tügen-
Oyrat: tügen-
Halaj: tiken-
Yakut: tüksü, tügüsü 'enough, completely'
Kirghiz: tügön-
Kazakh: tüges-
Balkar: tügen-
Gagauz: tüken-
Karaim: tügen-, tigen-
Kumyk: tügen-
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-khal,turcet-jak,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *tögüs-
Meaning: to come to an end
Russian meaning: заканчиваться
Written Mongolian: tögüs-, tegüs- (L 796) Middle Mongolian: tuge- 'be quite enough', tegus 'completely' (SH) Khalkha: tögsö-
Buriat: tügese-
Kalmuck: tögǝs-
Ordos: tögös-
Baoan: tǝgɛsaŋ 'complete, full'
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-bao,monget-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *tuku-
Meaning: 1 to come to an end, be exhausted 2 to exhaust
Russian meaning: 1 заканчивать(ся), истощать(ся) 2 истощать, исчерпывать
Old Japanese: tuku- 1, tukus- 2
Middle Japanese: túkú- 1, túkús- 2
Tokyo: tsukí-, tsùki- 1; tsukús- 2; tsukare- 'be tired, exhausted'
Kyoto: tsùkì- 1, tsúkús- 2
Kagoshima: tsùkì-1, tsukús- 2
Comments: JLTT 773, 774. Accent is very diverse and hardly reconstructable in this root. japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 1665
Proto: *tëwkä
English meaning: stop
German meaning: (be)enden
Finnish: taukoa-
Saam (Lapp): duow'go-
Udmurt (Votyak): dugdy-
Komi (Zyrian): dugdy-
Sammalahti's version: *te"wkä-
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-saa,uralet-udm,uralet-kom,uralet-samm2,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *dagr-
Russian meaning: умирать
English meaning: die
Svan: dagar-
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-sva,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *teg-
Meaning : to be full, finished
Proto-South Dravidian: *teg- dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *teg-
Meaning : to be full, complete
Tamil : tekuḷ (tekuḷv-, tekuṇṭ-), teviḷ (teviḷv-, teviṇṭ-), tevuḷ (tevuḷv-, tevuṇṭ-)
Tamil meaning : to be full, increase, overflow
Tamil derivates : tekiẓ (-v-, -nt-) to be full; tekuḷam fullness, abundance; tekuṭṭu (tekuṭṭi-) to cloy, glut; tekiṭṭu surfeit; teviṭṭu (teviṭṭi-) to become full, be sated, glutted, cloyed; n. loathing (as of food from satiety); tevvu (tevvi-) to fill; tikai (-v-, -nt-) to complete (intr.), come to an end
Malayalam : tikayuka
Malayalam meaning : to become full, complete, be fulfilled, finished
Malayalam derivates : tika fullness; tikaccal, tikavu completion, satiety; tikekka to complete, fill up, fulfil; tivir_r_uka to force into a vessel, cram
Kannada : tīvu
Kannada meaning : to become full, abound, spread; fill (tr.)
Notes : Possibly two roots (forms like Kannada tīvu do not really fit in).
Number in DED : 3405
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-notes,sdret-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *teg-
Meaning : (work) to be finished, ended
Telugu (Krishnamurti) : tegu
Additional forms : Also (Śaŋk. K.) tegudala end, termination, completion
Number in DED : 3405
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_kr,telet-addition,telet-dednum,
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Eskimo etymology :
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Proto-Eskimo: *tuqu- (-t-)
Meaning: to die; to kill
Russian meaning: умирать; убивать
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 354
esqet-prnum,esqet-meaning,esqet-rmean,esqet-yup,esqet-inup,esqet-refer,
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Yupik etymology :
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Proto-Yupik: *tuqu- (-t-)
Meaning: to die 1, death 2, to kill 3
Russian Meaning: умирать 1, смерть 2, убивать 3
Sirenik: tuqǝ́cǝqǝ̄χtǝ́χ (tuqúɫǝχ dvn.) 1, //tuqa 2, tuqǝ́tǝqǝ̄́χtǝʁá 3
Chaplino: tuqāquq 1, tuqú (t) 2, tuqútaqā 3
Naukan: tuqūquq, tuqōquq 1, tuqúnǝq 2, tuqútāqa 3
Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: tuqu- 1, tuquq 2, tuqutǝ- 2
Central Alaskan Yupik: tuqu- 1, tuqu 1, tuqutǝ- 2
Nunivak (Peripheral): toqqoχ* 1
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 354
yupet-prnum,yupet-mean,yupet-rmean,yupet-sir,yupet-chap,yupet-nauk,yupet-aay,yupet-cay,yupet-nun,yupet-ced,
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Inupik etymology :
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Proto-Inupik: *tųqų- (-t-)
Meaning: to die 1, death 2, to kill 3
Russian meaning: умирать 1, смерть 2, убивать 3
Seward Peninsula Inupik: tuʁu- 1, tuʁu 2, tuʁut- 3
SPI Dialects: Imaq tuʁúroq 1, tuʁú, tuʁúnɨq 2, W toqoʁoq, toqowoq 1
North Alaskan Inupik: tuqu- 1, tuqu 2, tuqut- 3
NAI Dialects: B, Ingl toqoʁoq* 1
Western Canadian Inupik: tuqu- 1, tuqu 2, tuqut- 3
WCI Dialects: Cor, M toqojoq* 1
Eastern Canadian Inupik: tuqu- 1, tuqut- 3
Greenlandic Inupik: tuqu- (toquvoq*) 1, tuqu (toqo*) 2, tuqut- 3
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 354
inupet-prnum,inupet-meaning,inupet-rmean,inupet-spi,inupet-spis,inupet-nai,inupet-nais,inupet-wci,inupet-wcis,inupet-eci,inupet-gri,inupet-ced,
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Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology :
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Proto-Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *skʷŭ-
Meaning (Rus.): кончаться, прекращаться
Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *tku- kamet-prnum,kamet-meaning,kamet-chuk,kamet-itel,
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Chukchee-Koryak etymology :
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Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *tku-
Meaning (Rus.): кончаться, истребляться
Chukchee: (t)kú-
Koryak: (t)ku-
Palan: kù-kkǝ
Alutor: (t)kù-kki
Comments: Представлен как вторая часть в сложном глаголе *ǝplǝ-tku- 'кончить(ся)' (1015).
chuket-prnum,chuket-meaning,chuket-chu,chuket-kor,chuket-pal,chuket-alu,chuket-comments,
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Itelmen etymology :
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Proto-Itelmen: *ɫx(ʷ)i-
Meaning (Rus.): кончать, прекращать
Itelmen: ɫhi-lŋi- 1, piŋ-ɫf-es (piŋɫfǝ̆-znen 3sg.3sg. pres.) 2, piŋ-ɫf-a('ɫ)-kes 3
Itelmen meaning: кончать, прекращать, переставать 1, кончать, окончить 2, кончаться 3
West Itelmen: ĺxet-ǝz 1, pi-ĺf-ǝz 2, pǝn-ĺɣit-ǝz 3, pan-ĺxet-ez 4
West Itelmen meaning: perdere 1, finire 2, (con)struere 3, aedificare 4
West Itelmen meaning (Polish): gubić 1, zakończyć 2, budować, wznosić 3, odjąć, pozbawić 4
Number in Volodin 1976: 62, 25, 28, 204
Comments: В зап. камч. пеpвый глагол отмечен во фpазе ĺxetǝz čǝɣčǝĺ 'perdere, теpять', где втоpое слово значит 'попусту, зpя'. Сюда же panĺxet-ǝz 'privare' (Дыбовский 1 143).
itelet-prnum,itelet-meaning,itelet-ite,itelet-itemea,itelet-wit,itelet-witmea,itelet-witmep,itelet-vol,itelet-comments,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : TVKV
Meaning : to be lost, exhausted
Amerind (misc.) : *tik 'die' ? (R 167) [+ A K]; (also some forms under *ṭa 'full' R 303 [+ A K]) globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-amer,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *dag-
Meaning: forget, lose
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-ech,afaset-lec,
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East Chadic etymology :
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Proto-EChadic: *dag-
Meaning: 'lose' 1, '(get) lost' 2
Bidiya: dàg 1[JBid] perdre
Mokilko: dággè 1 [JMkk] perdre
Sokoro: dígē 2 [Luk: 48] verlieren
Mawa: daga-ŋ 2 [Rob] '(se) perdre'
Notes: ?? Cp. HSED 617 'get lost', 619 'go'
echet-prnum,echet-meaning,echet-bid,echet-mkk,echet-sok,echet-maw,echet-notes,
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Low East Cushitic etymology :
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Proto-Low East Cushitic: *dag-
Meaning: 'forget'
Oromo (Galla): daga
lecet-prnum,lecet-meaning,lecet-oro,
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