Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *nisw-

Meaning: woman

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Semitic: *nišw- 'woman'

Egyptian: nswy.t (NE) 'queen'

Western Chadic: *nis- 'female' (adj.)

Central Chadic: *nu/as- 'woman'

Low East Cushitic: *ʔa-nVs- 'sister'

South Cushitic: *nas-'woman'

Semitic etymology :

Number: 3

Proto-Semitic: *nišw-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'woman'

Hebrew: nāš-īm (pl.) (KB, 729)

Aramaic: SML nšy, OLD nšwn, OFF nšy (HJ, 118)

Biblical Aramaic: nǝš-īn (KBg, 1670)

Judaic Aramaic: nǝš-īn (Ja., 937). The sing. nǝšā is also attested.

Syrian Aramaic: nešš-e (Brock., 450)

Arabic: niswat-, nuswat-, nisāʔ-, nis-ūna, niswān- (BK 2, 1254).

Egyptian etymology :

Old Egyptian: nswy.t (NE)

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'queen'

West Chadic etymology :

Proto-WChadic: *nis-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'female' (adj.)

Sha: nísí [JR]

Central Chadic etymology :

Proto-CChadic: *nu/as-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'woman'

Tera: nušu [Nm]

Glavda: nùsà [Kr N 85]

Guduf: nɔ́sʌ̀ [CLR : 347]

Ngweshe: nášè [CLR]

Gava: nusà [Kr]

Low East Cushitic etymology :

Proto-Low East Cushitic: *ʔa-nVs-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'sister'

Dasenech (Geleba): anso

Notes: *ʔa- is a prefix.

South Cushitic etymology :

Proto-South Cushitic: *nas-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'woman'

Ma'a (Mbugu): naseta

Notes: Ehr HRSC 184

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : NVCV

Meaning : woman, female

Eurasiatic : *nVzV ( ~ -ʒ-)

Afroasiatic : *nisw-

Sino-Caucasian : *nŭsÁ

Reference : ND 1567, 1575 with confusion (Kartv. *nusa and IE *snuso- are most probably borrowed < NC).

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *nVzV ( ~ -ʒ-)

Meaning: female

Borean: Borean

Uralic: *nisV

Kartvelian: Georg. nezv- 'female animal'

References: ND 1575 *n̄iz[ʕ]u/ü 'female' (+ Arab.?).

Uralic etymology :

Number: 1447

Proto: *nisV

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: woman

German meaning: Weib, Frau

Saam (Lapp): niso ~ nissun (N) 'married woman', nisō, nisōi, nisōn, nisōv, nissun (L) 'Frau, Ehefrau', niezan (A) 'weibliche Person', ni̮zan (Kld.), ne͔ZZan (Not.) 'Weib'

Mordovian: ńizaka (E) 'Weibchen', ńiz-ańa (E) 'теща'

Addenda: (Koib. niáusa 'Weib' - rejected by Redei)

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *nŭsÁ

Meaning: younger sister, daughter-in-law

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *nŭsA ( ~ -ŏ-)

Sino-Tibetan: *nǝ̆wH

Yenisseian: *dus

Burushaski: *-muśi

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *nŭsA ( ~ -ŏ-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: daughter-in-law

Proto-Nakh: *nus

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *nusa

Proto-Khinalug: c̣ɨ-nas

Proto-West Caucasian: *nǝsa ( ~ -š-)

Notes: Correspondences are regular, and this is undoubtedly a common NC kinship term. Cf. also HU *nas- > Hurr. naž-ardǝ 'concubines' (see Diakonoff-Starostin 1986, 37). The root has interesting parallels in other linguistic families: Semitic (Arab. niswa 'women', nisāʔ id. - whence Turk. nisa); IE (*snus- 'daughter-in-law') - thus being an old Eurasiatic "Wanderwort".

    See Genko 1930, 725; Balkarov 1965, 17; Abayev 1973, 190; Shagirov 1977, 287-288; Abdokov 1983, 86.

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *nus

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: daughter-in-law, sister-in-law

Chechen: nus

Ingush: nus

Batsbi: nus

Comments: Obl. base *nasi- (Chech. nesa-, Ing. neso, Bacb. plur. nase-r).

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *nusa

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 daughter-in-law 2 bride

Avar: nus 1

Andian language: nusa 2

Akhvakh: nuša 1

Chamalal: nusa 1

Tindi: nusa 1

Karata: nusa 1

Botlikh: nusa 1

Bagvalal: nusa 1

Godoberi: nusa 1

Comments: Av. paradigm B (pl. nusá-bi ). The Av. word was borrowed in Arch. nus-dur 'daughter-in-law' (with a suffixation typical for Archi kinship terms).

Khinalug etymology :

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *nǝsa ( ~ -š-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 daughter-in-law 2 sister-in-law

Adyghe: nǝsa 1

Kabardian: nǝsa 1

Ubykh: nǝsá-ʁ 2

Comments: PAK *nǝsá. Shagirov 1, 288 supposes that the Ub. form is borrowed from Adygh (PAK *nǝsá-ʁʷǝ 'sister-in-law'); but this supposition does not explain loss of labialisation in Ub. It seems more probable that the Ub. and AK forms are genetically related. Despite Abdokov 1973, 62 the AK and Ub. words can not be related to Abkh. aca, Abaz. taca, Ub. śaśa 'bride, daughter-in-law' (see Shagirov ibid.).

    The Adygh forms were borrowed in Osset. (Dig.) nissä 'lady', Chan. nisaʁa, nusaʁa 'two daughters-in-law'. The latter form (undoubtedly borrowed < PAK *nǝsaʁʷǝ) makes it probable that other scattered Kartvelian forms (Georg. nusa-dia 'sister-in-law', Megr. nosa, nisa, Chan. nusa, nisa 'daughter-in-law') also have a WC origin.

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *nǝ̆wH

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: younger sibling

Chinese: 孺 *n_os child.

Tibetan: nu-bo a man's younger brother, nu-mo the younger sister of a female.

Kachin: gǝnau¹ younger sibling.

Lushai: nau younger sibling; a child, young child, KC *nao.

Comments: Garo no younger sister. Sh. 408; Ben. 63; Coblin 54.

Chinese characters :

Character: 孺

Modern (Beijing) reading: rú

Preclassic Old Chinese: n(h)os

Classic Old Chinese: n(h)oh

Western Han Chinese: n(h)wah

Eastern Han Chinese: ń(h)wah

Early Postclassic Chinese: ń(h)wò

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ń(h)wò

Late Postclassic Chinese: ń(h)wò

Middle Chinese: ńǜ

English meaning : child; be weak, mild

Russian meaning[s]: 1) младенец, дитя; 2) зависимый, находящийся на попечении; 3) любить; радоваться

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 39

Four-angle index: 3687

Karlgren code: 0134 d

Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *dus

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: cousin (f.)

Ket: ám-duś (Werner 1, 33)

Comments: Werner 1, 33 (w.r.). Not clear is the term for cousin (m.): ám-dūń (see ibid.) - the loss of -s- and the addition of -ń is puzzling.

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *-muśi

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: bride in her father's house

Hunza: mū́(ỵ)-muśi

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