Afroasiatic etymology : List with all references

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *dakʷ(-ar)- ~ *kawd-an-

Meaning: k. of equid

Semitic: *kawdan- 'mule'

Western Chadic: *dakʷ- ~ *dVwak- 'horse'

Central Chadic: *(n-)dok- 'stallion' 1, 'pony' 2

East Chadic: *dVwk- 'roan-antelope'

Central Cushitic (Agaw): *dikwar- 'donkey'

Notes: Cf. HSED 667 (*dawak- 'equid': WCh; SCush *daḳ/ġʷ-; Agaw *dikwar "seems to be derived from this stem"). Cf. Sk Hs 49.

Number: 2450

Proto-Semitic: *kawdan-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: mule

Akkadian: kūdanu (kūdannu) 'a type of mule' OAkk. on [CAD k 491] (extensive discussion), [AHw. 498]. The term is widely used in late periods only (NA in particu- lar, both in royal inscriptions and private documents). In earlier texts k. is quite unfrequent (in OAkk., as PN only). The meaning 'mule' is safely deduced from passages stressing k.' in- fertility (kī ša zēru ša ANS̆E.GÌR.NUN.NA laššuni 'in the same way as there is no progeny of k.' Wiseman Treaties 537). ONE WONDERS WHETHER in THE WELL-KNOWN passage from Gilgamesh .... (ibrī kūdanu ṭardu) k. really denotes a mule or rather a wild ass, a well-known synonym of swiftness in ANE poetic language. Cf. [Salonen Hyppologica 76-8].

Eblaitic: gú-da-núm /kūdanum/ = ANS̆E.EDEN [MEE 4 038] (cf. [Kreb. 45], [Civil Ebla 90]).

Ugaritic: kdnt 'mula' [DLU 211]. Highly uncertain (Hapax in the scribal exercise 5.23:8, a list of words out of context).

Aramaic: Off. kwdn 'mule' [HJ 492]. Plm. kwdn 'mule' [HJ 492] (cf. [PAT 372]).

Judaic Aramaic: kūdǝnā (pl. kūdanyān, kūdanwān) 'mule' [Ja. 617], [+++]

Syrian Aramaic: kūdanyā, kūdǝnā (pl. kūdnǝwātā) 'mulus', kūdantā 'mula' [BK 318-9], [PS 1680].

Mandaic Aramaic: kudana, kdana 'mule' [DM 203, 205].

Arabic: kawdan-, kawdaniyy- 'né d'un étalon arabe et d'une ju- ment non-arabe (cheval); métis; cheval de train; mulet; élé- phant' [BK 2 876], [LA XIII 356], [WKAS k 87].

Tigrai (Tigriñña): Cf. mäkada name of the small Abyssinian horse LT 134

Notes: A chain of borrowings (Akk. > Arm. > Arb.) suggested in [Zimmern 50] cannot be excluded but needs further argumentation (cf. [PAT 372]: "probably simply cognates"). The same is true about the supposed non-Semitic origin of Akk. kūdanu assumed in [Salonen Hyppologica 76-8] (though, admittedly, the term does not seem to be deeply rooted in Akk., both of the early syllabic attestations coming from Mari letters). [DLU 211]: Ugr., Arm., Akk., Arb.; [Brock. 318]: Syr., Arm., Akk. (the Arm. forms are treated as Akkadisms).

Proto-WChadic: *dakʷ- ~ *dVwak-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'horse'

Hausa: dṓkì

Bolewa: dṑšò [LkB]

Karekare: dṓkú [CLR]

Dera=Kanakuru: dṓk [CLR: 194], dōwi

Ngamo: doku [Meek]

Bele: dṓšó [ShB]

Kifri=Giwo: dū̀šó [ShB]

Gera: dū̀šà [ShB]

Geruma: dū̀sá [ShB]

Warji: duhu-na [SkNb]

Kariya: duhu

Miya: duwakǝ

Cagu: dākǝ-n

Siri: dukwi

Mburku: dāku

Jimbin: dākwa

Jimi: doko [CLR: 194]

Burma: dok

Ngizim: dū̀kà [ShN]

Proto-CChadic: *(n-)dok-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'stallion' 1, 'pony' 2

Tera: doḫ 1, Pidlimdi/Hina ndok 2

Proto-EChadic: *dVwk-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'roan-antelope'

Dangla: dewki 'antilope-cheval'

Proto-Agaw: *dikwar-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'donkey'

Bilin: duq̇ārā

Khamir: dŭḫarā

Khamta: duḫuarā

Qwara: dekarā, dewarā

Dembea: dugarā

Qemant: doḫuara

Awiya (Aungi): duḫuarī

Damot: dokuarī

Notes: ConRos Kem 184

Afroasiatic etymology :

Semitic etymology :

West Chadic etymology :

Central Chadic etymology :

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Central Cushitic (Agaw) etymology :