Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *GHwälćV́

Meaning: stick, pole

North Caucasian: *GHwälćV

Yenisseian: *xus(V)

Basque: *gilc

Comments and references : BCD 28.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *GHwälćV

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: stick, board; bolt

Proto-Tsezian: *χʷẽš:u A

Proto-Lak: q:iča

Proto-Lezghian: *qIʷarč(a)

Proto-Khinalug: q:ičä

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Correspondences are regular. A problem is raised by Av. q:arš:í 'board' (Chad. qirsí): it looks rather similar, but does not correspond phonetically to other forms.

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *χʷẽš:u A

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: bar, bolt, door-bolt

Tsezi: ħišuni

Ginukh: χišu

Bezhta: ʁeso

Gunzib: ʁõši

Comments: PTsKh *χ̥1̇ešu ( ~ -ö-,-Ṽ-); PGB *ʁö̃š[u] (cf. also Bezht. Khosh. ʁeso). There exists also a denominal verb: Tsez. ħiš-, Bezht. Tlad. ʁöš-, Khosh. ʁeš- / ʁes- 'to lock'.

Lak etymology :

Lak root: q:iča

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: bolt, door-bolt

Lak form: q:iča

Comments: Cf. Khosr. q:iča id.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *qIʷarč(a)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: stake, wedge

Rutul: qIʷarč (Khnov.)

Comment: Attested only in Rut., but with probable external parallels.

Khinalug etymology :

Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *xus(V)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: fork, hunting spear

Ket: ūś, pl. uśeŋ⁵

Yug: ūs / us, pl. usɨŋ⁵ (Кастр. us "spear")

Arin: kus (Лоск.) "spear"

Comments: ССЕ 299. Werner 2, 381 <*us>.

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *gilc

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 key (of a lock) 2 keystone (of an arch)

Bizkaian: giltz 1, 2

Gipuzkoan: giltza 2

High Navarrese: giltza 1, 2

Low Navarrese: giltz, gilz 1

Lapurdian: giltz 2

Baztanese: gilz 1

Zuberoan: giltz 1

Roncalese: giltz 1

Comments: Bsq (c) giltz 'joint, node (of bones, plants)' is probably an anatomical extension of this word..

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