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Indo-European etymology : Search within this database Total of 3178 records 159 pages
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Proto-IE: *aul-o-
Meaning: tube, pipe, hollow stem
Tokharian: B auloñ (n.pl.) 'blood vessels' (Adams 134)
Old Greek: au̯ló-s m. `Röhre, röhrenartiger Körper, Flote'; ion., att. au̯lṓn m./f. `höhlenartige Gegend, Schlucht, Tal, Graben'
Baltic: *aũl-a- m., *aûl-ia- (1) c., *awil-ia- c., *aûl-iā̃ (1) f.
Latin: alvus f. (/m.) `Höhlung, Wölbung, Unterleib, Bauch, Gehäuse des Granatapfels'
Russ. meaning: трубка, дудка, полый стебель
Comments: ?? Cf. Hitt hallu- 'tief': Tischler 135-136
Proto-IE: *Aur-
Meaning: ore, ore-ground
Tokharian: ? B warañce 'sand' (Adams 578)
Latin: urium, -ī n. `schaumartige Erde bei der Goldgewinnung'
Celtic: OIr ūr `Erde, Lehm'
Russ. meaning: руда, рудоносная почва
References: WH
Proto-IE: *aus-
Meaning: dawn, sunrise, east
Old Indian: uṣā́ḥ, acc. uṣásam / uṣā́sam, gen. uṣásaḥ f. `morning light, dawn'; gen. sg., acc. pl. uṣáḥ; usrá- id.; uṣar-, usr- f. id.; vasar-hán `striking in the dawn', vāsará- `relating to or appearing in the morning', m. `day'; uccháti, pf. uvāsa, arr. avasran 'to dawn'
Avestan: ušɔ̄, acc. ušɔ̄ŋhǝm, gen. ušaŋhō 'Morgenröte', ušastara- 'östlich'; usaiti 'leuchtet auf (vom Morgen)'
Old Greek: ion. ēṓs, -ọ̄̂s, ǟọ̄́s, att. héōs, gen., acc. -ō, dor. aṓs, a[w]ṓr, gen. awō̂, aeol. áu̯ōs (Sapph.), boeot. áas = es aúrion Hsch. 'dawn; day', {aeol. áu̯ā f. -not found!}, {locr. kat-āweos - not found!};heasphóros = heōsphóros Hsch.; áŋkh-au̯ros 'dem Morgen nahe' (Ap.Rh.); adv. áu̯rion `morgen', ai̯rinó- (Gl.) `morgend'; <hǟi-kanó-s>: ēikanós = ho alektrüṓn Hsch.
Slavic: *ūstrъ- aestivus: OChSl za ustra `tò prōí'
Baltic: *aũš-r-ā̂ f., *aũš- vb. intr., *aũš-mā̂ f.
Latin: aurōra, -ae f. `Morgenröte', auster, -trī m. `Südwind'
Celtic: MIr fair `Sonnenaufgang'; Cymr gwawr `Morgenröte', Bret gwere laouen `Morgenstern'
Russ. meaning: рассвет, восход солнца; восток
Proto-IE: *aus-
Meaning: to draw
Old Greek: ep. aph-ǘō `schöpfe'; eks-áu̯ō 'to take out, esp. dressed meat' Pl., eksaûsai = ekseleîn Hsch.; eksaustḗr 'flesh-hook for taking meat out of a pot' Aesch.+
Latin: hauriō, -īre, hausī, haustum `schöpfen, schöpfen aus, kosten'
Russ. meaning: черпать
Proto-IE: *aut-
Meaning: empty, lonely
Old Greek: au̯tó- `selbst; derselbe, der nämliche', áu̯tōs `gerade so, für sich allein, lediglich'; áu̯sio- `eitel, vergeblich'
Russ. meaning: одинокий, пустой
Proto-IE: *aw-
Meaning: to pass the night
Armenian: aganim `übernachte', vair-ag `auf dem Lande lebend', auth `Übernachten, Nachtruhe, Station'
Old Greek: iáu̯ō, aor. iâu̯sai̯ `schlafen, ausruhen, übernachten' {âi̯es = ekoimḗthēs Hsch., ai̯éskonto = ēulízonto Hsch. - nowhere found!}
Russ. meaning: ночевать
References: WP I 19
Proto-IE: *Aw-
Meaning: to weave
Old Indian: ótum, ótave (inf.), u-ta- (part.) `to weave', ótu- m. `woof or cross-threads of a web'
Armenian: z-aud `Band', y-aud `Band, Glied, Gelenk', aud `Schuhe'
Russ. meaning: ткать
Proto-IE: *aw- <PIH *HauHo-s>
Meaning: grandfather; oncle (mother's brother)
Hittite: huhha- c. (Tischler 260ff)
Tokharian: B āwe 'grandfather' (Adams 56)
Armenian: hav, gen. havu `Grossvater'
Old Greek: ? ái̯ă f. `Erde' (? < `Mutter'), Cyren. áia = hüpò Kürēnaíōn tēthìs kài maîa' EM 27:24
Baltic: *aw-a- m., *aw-ā̂ f., *aw-ī̂n-a-
Latin: avus, -ī m. `Grossvater, Ahn'
Celtic: OIr haue, aue `nepos', MIr ōa, ua `nepos'; Cymr ewythr `Oheim', OCorn euitor `Oheim', Bret eontr `Oheim'
Russ. meaning: дед, дядя (брат матери)
Proto-IE: *aweg-, -k-
Meaning: to increase
Tokharian: A ok-, B auk- (PT *auk-) 'grow, increase', B auks- 'sprout, grow up', A okäm, B auki (PT *auk(ä)mi̯ä(n)) n. 'increase' (Adams 130-131)
Old Indian: ugrá-, comp. ójīyas- `powerful, mighty', ójas- n. `strength, power'; vákṣaṇa- `strengthening', vakṣayati `to make grow', ukṣáti, -te `to be strong'
Avestan: ugra-, comp. aoǰyah`stark, kräftig', aoǰah-, aogah-, aogarǝ `Kraft, Stärke'; vaxšaiti `lässt wachsen', uxšyeiti `wächst'
Old Greek: aú̯ksō, au̯ksánō; aéksō `mehren fördern; wachsen'
Latin: augeō, -ēre -xī, -ctum `wachsen machen, vergrössern, vermehren', auctor, -ōr is m.`Förderer, Veranlasser, Urheber, Gewährsmann'; augmen, augmentum `Zuwachs', augustus `geweiht, heilig, erhaben', auxilium `Hilfe'
Other Italic: Umbr uhtur `auctor'
Russ. meaning: увеличивать
Proto-IE: *(a)welk-
Meaning: to drag
Avestan: aipi-, frā-varǝk- `ziehen, schleppen'
Old Greek: ep. acc. sg., pl. ō̂lk-a n., att. álok-s `Furche', ion., Pind. âu̯lak-s, EM ō̂lak-s `id.'; pl. ólokes = áulakes Hsch.
Russ. meaning: волочь
Proto-IE: *(a)wenǝst-
Meaning: bladder, rectum, rennet bag
Old Indian: vastí- m.f. `bladder; lower belly, abdomen'; vaniṣṭhu- m. `a part of the entrails of an animal offered in sacrifice - either the rectum or a partic. part of intestines near the omentum'
Old Greek: [ǟ́]nüstro-n n. 'fourth stomach of ruminating animals' (Arist.+) (written énüstron in LXX)
Latin: vēnsīca (vēsīca) f. `die Blase; Harnblase'
Russ. meaning: мочевой пузырь, прямая кишка, сычуг
References: WP I 190 f
Proto-IE: *(a)werǝ-, *wrē-
Meaning: to string, to put in a row
Old Indian: ā-valī, ā-vali- f. `row, range, series, continuous line'; vr̥ndá- n. `heap, multitude, host, flock'; vrā́ta- m. `multitude, flock, assemblage'
Old Greek: aeírō 'anreihen, verbinden'
Celtic: OIr foirenn `factio', MIr foirenn `Abteilung, Schar', OCymr guerin `factio', Cymr gwerin `viri, virorum multitudo, plebs', OBret guerin gl. `duas factiones'
Russ. meaning: нанизывать, ставить в ряд
Proto-IE: *(a)wes- <PIH *Hʷ->
Meaning: to dwell, to be
Hittite: hwis- / hwes- (I) 'leben' (Tischler 264ff); husk- (I) 'warten' (Tischler 316 with doubt)
Tokharian: A wṣe, B yṣīye (PT *w'äsi-) 'night' (Adams 521); B wäs- 'dwell, abide' (597)
Old Indian: vásati, ptc. uṣita- `to dwell, live, remain, abide'; vasatí- f., vāsá- m. `staying, remaining'
Avestan: vaŋhaiti `wohnt'
Armenian: goy `ist, existiert, ist vorhanden', goy (i-St.) `seiend, Sein, Gut, Habe'
Old Greek: aéskō, aéskonto, ep. aor. ā́esa nǘkta `zubringen die Nacht'
Celtic: *westi-: OIr feiss `Bleiben, Rasten', *wosto-: foss `Bleiben, Ruhe'; *woseti: foaid `nächtigt, bringt die Nacht zu'
Russ. meaning: жить (wohnen), быть
References: WP I 306 f
Proto-IE: *(a)wey-
Meaning: bird
Old Indian: ví-, vé- m. (gen. veḥ, acc. vim, pl. váyaḥ) `bird', váyas- n. `bird, any winged animal', vāyasá- m. `bird, large bird, crow'; {vevīyate flattert }
Avestan: vī-š, pl. gen. vay-ąm ā-vayeiti fliegt daran (von Gottheiten)
Other Iranian: MPers vāi, vāyandak Vogel
Armenian: hav `Vogel, Huhn, Henne'
Old Greek: hom. ai̯etó-s, att. āetó-s, *aiwetó-s: dial. aibetós Hsch. `Adler'
Latin: avis, gen. -is f. `Vogel; Weissagevogel'; auca `Vogel, Gans'
Other Italic: Umbr avif, avef `avēs', dat. sg. aviekate `auspicatae', aviekla `augurali'; Marr aviatas `auspicatae'
Celtic: *hawi- > MIr ai `Schwan', Ir aoi `Schwan' (nur in Wörterbüchern); *hau̯jeto-s > Cymr hwyad `Ente', OCorn hoet `Ente', Bret houad `Ente'
Russ. meaning: птица
Proto-IE: *(a)wē-; *(a)went- <PIH *Hʷ->
Meaning: to blow (of wind); wind
Hittite: huwant- 'wind' (Tischler 328 ff)
Tokharian: A want-, wänt- B yente 'wind' (PT *w'ente) (Adams 505)
Old Indian: vā́ti `to blow (of wind)', ptc. prs. vānt-; vāyú- m. `wind, air'; vā́ta- m. `wind'; vāsa- m. `perfuming, perfume'
Avestan: vāiti `weht', vayu- m. `Wind, Luft', vātō `Wind'
Old Greek: áēmi, ptc. prs. acc. áenta `wehen'; áu̯rǟ f. `frische Luft, leiser Luftzeug', āḗr, -éros f. `Nebel, Gewölk', áella, aeol. áu̯ella f. `Sturmwind'; aetmón = tò pneûma Hsch., áetma = phlóks, hoi dè tò pneûma Hsch., ātmó-s m., ātmǟ́ f. `Dampf, Dunst, Rauch', aütmǟ́ f. `Atem, Hauch, Dunst'
Slavic: *vḗjātī, *vḗjǭ; *vьjātī, *vьjūgā, *vīxrъ; *vḗtrъ
Latin: ventus, -ī m. `Wind'
Celtic: Cymr awel f. `Wind, Hauch', OCorn auhel `aura', MCorn awel `Wetter'; Cymr gwynt `Wind'
Russ. meaning: дуть (о ветре)
Proto-IE: *(a)wēy-, *wyē-
Meaning: to fade, to get tired, exhausted
Old Indian: vāyati `to become languid, weary, exhausted', abhi-vāta- `ill, sick'; ā-vi-, ā-vī- f. `pain, suffering', pl. `pangs of childbirth'; vāta-, vāna- `dried up'
Old Greek: áethlo-s, -n, ark. [a]wethla, att. ā̂thlo-s, -n m., n.`Mühsal, Wettkampf, Kampfpreis'; ? <? watalǟ́> gateilaí (gatálai cod.) = oulaí Hsch.
Latin: viēscō, -ere `verwelken, verschrumpfen', viētus `welk, eingeschrumpft'
Celtic: OIr feugud `marcor', Cymr gwyw `verwelkt'; OIr hōfebat `marcescunt'
Russ. meaning: уставать, истощаться, вянуть
Comments: Very probably = *(a)wēy- 'get tired, exhausted' #1378
Proto-IE: *awǝ-
Meaning: to long for, to wish
Old Indian: ávati `to favour, satisfy', ptc. ūta-; ávas- n. `favour, protection, avitár- `favourer, protector', ūtí- f. `help, protection'; óman- `helping, useful', omán- m. `help, favour', óman- m. `friend, helper'
Avestan: avaiti- `sorgt, hilft', avah- n. `Hilfe'; aoman- `helfend, beistehend'
Armenian: aviun `libido'
Old Greek: en-ǟḗs, gen. en-ǟéos, acc. -éa, pl. -ǟ̂es, -ées `mild, sanft, wohlwollend'; aítǟ-s m., aîti-s f. `Geliebter(in)'
Latin: aveō, -ēre `begierig sein, heftiges Verlangen tragen', avidus, -a `Begierig', audeō, -ēre, ausus sum `Lust haben, aufgelegt, wage sein'
Celtic: *awel- > Cymr ewyll, ewyllys `voluntas', Corn awell, awel `Verlangen'
Russ. meaning: стремиться, желать
Comments: [Rather difficult to distinguish from *āw- `note, listen']
Proto-IE: *awǝ-/e- <PIH *H->
Meaning: water (flowing)
Hittite: heu- c.'Regen' (Tischler 238ff); hur-nai-/-ija- (I), hur-nu- (I) 'besprengen, befeuchten', Pal. huwarninai 'besprengt' (Tischler 305-306)
Old Indian: avaṭá-, avatá- m. `a hole, vacuity in the ground', aváni- f. `stream, river, bed of a river'
Old Greek: án-au̯ro-s m. `Giessbach, Strom'
Latin: ūrīnārī `tauchen unter Wasser', ūrīnātor `Taucher'
Russ. meaning: вода (проточная)
References: WP I 268 f, Buck 37, 45.
Proto-IE: *awǝl-
Meaning: court, street
Armenian: uɫ, uɫi `Weg'
Old Greek: au̯lǟ́ f. `äusserer oder innerer Hof, Wohnung', áu̯lio-n n. `Landhaus, Hürde, Grotte', âu̯lis, -idos, acc. -in f. `Nachtlager (im Freien)'
Russ. meaning: двор, улица
References: [Different in Pok.]
Proto-IE: *awǝs-
Meaning: gold
Tokharian: A wäs, B yasa (PT *w'äsā) 'gold' (Adams 487)
Latin: aurum, -ī n. `Gold'
Other Italic: Sabin ausom 'Gols'
Russ. meaning: металл (золото)
References: WH
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