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Indo-European etymology : Search within this database Total of 3178 records 159 pages
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Proto-IE: *Ait-
Meaning: hut?
Russ. meaning: хижина?
Proto-IE: *aiw-
Meaning: lifetime
Old Indian: āyú, loc. āyuni, instr. āyunā n. `life', āyú- mfn. 'living'; ā́yus- n. `life, vital power, duration of life'
Avestan: āyu 'Dauer, Lebensalter'
Old Greek: *acc. ai̯ō̂ `immer', loc.ep., ion. poet., early att. ai̯éi̯, att. āéi, hom. āéi̯, aéi̯, kypr., lokr., phok. aiwéi̯ `immer'; dor. ai̯és, aés `immer', boeot.ai̯ḗ, ēí Hdn., tarent. ai̯ḗ Hdn. 'immer'; ai̯ṓn, -ō̂nos m./f. `Leben(szeit), Zeit(dauer), lange Zeit, Ewigkeit', ep., poet. ai̯én , dn. ai̯é `immer'; ion. ai̯í immer, aeol. ái(n), âi̯i(n) Hdn., thess. ain inschr.`immer'; kypr. üwaís `für immer', dǟ́n-ai̯o-s `lange lebend, lange dauernd'
Latin: aevus, -ī m., aevum n. `Lebenszeit, lange Zeit, Ewigkeit'
Russ. meaning: срок жизни, век
Proto-IE: *ak'-
Meaning: sharp; peak
Tokharian: B akwatse a. 'sharp', akwam-pere n. 'sprout and stalk' (Adams 4); A āk, B āke 'end' (37)
Old Indian: áśri-ḥ `the sharp side of anything, edge, corner', catur-aśra- `four-cornered'; OInd aśáni-ḥ `tip of a missile'
Other Iranian: NPers ās 'Mühlstein'
Armenian: aseɫn `Nadel'
Old Greek: ákro- `äusserst, oberst, höchst, an der Spitze befindlich', ákro-n n. , ákrā f. `das äusserste Ende, Spitze, Höhe, Vorgebirge', ákri-s, -ios f. `Berggipfel'; ákai̯na f. `Spitze, Stachel; Längen-, Flachenmass von 10 (100) Fuss'; ákōn, gen. -ontos m. `Wurfspiess, Wurflanze'; ákato-s f. (/m.) 'light vessel, boat'; akmǟ́ f. `Spitze, Schärfe, Schneide, Höhepunkt, rechter Zeitpunkt'; akónǟ f. `Wetzstein'; aktǟ́ f. `Vorgebirge, Felsküste, schroffes Ufer, Landzunge, Kante'; ion., att. akís, -ídos f. `Bez. allerhand spitzer Gegenstände wie Nadel, Pfeil, Widerhaken, Meissel'; akǟ́ f. 'point' (Suid., Hsch.), akōkǟ́ f. `Spitze (einer Lanze, Eines Schwertes usw.)'; ǟkés = oksǘ Hsch., püri-ǟ́kēs/ -ǟkḗs 'mit feuriger Spitze', amph-ǟ́kēs `mit beidseitiger Schneide', tanü-ǟ́kēs `mit dünner Schneide'; <ǟkǟ́>: ēkḗ (Hsch.) Ion. = akḗ, akōkḗ; Archil. 'edge, meeting-point'; ákano-s m. `Distelart (Atractylis gummifera); dorniger Fruchtkopf', ákan, -nos `id.', ákantho-s `Bärenklau (Acanthus mollis)', ákantha `Distel, Dorn; Rückgrat', ákorna `Distelart' (Thphr.)
Baltic: *ač-r-u- adj., *ač-mō̃ (*ač-men-es), *ač-ak-ā̂ f., *ač-[a]- adj., etc.
Latin: ācer, -cris (OLat ācer), -e, OLat ācer, -cra, -crum `scharf'; acerbus, -a `scharf, schneidend, herb, unreif, unangenehm, schmerzlich'; aciēs, -ēī f. `Schärfe, Schneide'; acēre `sauer sein', acidus, -a `sauer', acor m. `Säure', acētum `Essig', acus, -ūs f. (Pl in., Gramm. m.) `Nadel', acuō, -uī, -ūtum, -uere `schärfe, wetze, spitze', acia f. `Faden zum Nähen und Heften', aquifolium, -ī n. / aquifolia f. `Stechpalme, Stecheiche, krataigṓn', aquifolius, -a `von Stechenpalmenholz'; aculeus, -ī m. `Stachel von Tieren, Pflanzen'
Other Italic: Osk akrid `acri' od. `acriter'; Umbr peracri `opimus'
Celtic: Gaul Akrotalus "mit hoher Stirn"; OIr ēr `hoch' (*akro-s); Ir aittenn `Stechginster' (*aktīnā); Cymr eithiw `voll Stacheln' (*aktīu̯o-), eithin `Stechginster' (*aktīnā), NBret ek `Spitze'; *ākulēnā; *aku̯īli̯o-s: Cymr ebill `Bohrer' (*aku̯īli̯o-s), OCymr ocoluin `cos', NCymr agalen, hogalen (*hākulēnā), Corn epill hoern `clavus', MBret ebil `Pflock, Stift, Nagel', NBret higolen `Wetzstein'
Russ. meaning: острый; острая вершина
Proto-IE: *ak-
Meaning: ear (of cereals); awn, chaff
Tokharian: B āk 'ear of grain?' (Adams 35-36)
Old Greek: akostǟ́ `Gerste'
Latin: agna f. `Ähre'; acus, -eris n. `Granne, Spreu'
Russ. meaning: колос; ости колоса, мякина
References: WP I 26 f
Proto-IE: *ak-
Meaning: a k. of fish
Latin: acus, -ūs f. `Fischname (belónē)'; acipēnser, -eris m., (älter) acupēnser, acipēnsis `ein seltener Fisch mit rotem Fleisch, Stör(?)'
Russ. meaning: рыба sp.
References: WP I 26 f
Proto-IE: *ak'-
Meaning: to gorge, to gnaw
Old Indian: aśnā́ti (inf. aśitum, part. aśitá-) `to eat, consume', áśana- n. `eating'
Old Greek: ákolo-s m. `Bissen, Brocken'
Russ. meaning: жрать
Proto-IE: *ak'Aru-; *dak'Aru-, *drak'u- [*dlak'ru-]
Meaning: tear
Hittite: ishahru- n. (under influence of ishar- 'blood'?) (Tischler 377-378)
Tokharian: A ākär 'tear', pl. ākrunt, B akrūna (n. pl.) 'tears' (Adams 4)
Old Indian: áśru- n., m. `tear'
Avestan: asrū-azan- 'Tränen vergiessend'
Armenian: artasur, pl. artasu-kh `Tränen' (< *drak'ur-)
Old Greek: dákrü, pl. dat. dákrüsi n.; dákrüo-n n. `Träne', dakrǘō `(be)weinen', dákrǖma `was beweint wird'
Latin: lacrima, OLat dacruma f. `Träne' [ < Greek ?]
Celtic: OIr dēr n.; Cymr deigr, pl. dagrau, OBret dacr-lon `uvidus', Corn. dagr `Träne'
Russ. meaning: слеза
Proto-IE: *aker-
Meaning: maple
Old Indian: {akrá-ḥ RV. `Ahorn ' (Brunnhofer BB. 26, 108f.)}
Old Greek: ákasto-s m. = sphéndamnos ('maple') Hsch. {ákarna f. `laurel' Hsch. nowhere found!, there is akarnán 'a fish' (Ath.), prob. = lábraks, cf. akárnaks = lábraks Hsch.}
Latin: acer, gen. -eris n. (/ f.) `Ahorn'
Russ. meaning: дерево (клен)
References: WP I 28 f
Proto-IE: *ak-m- <PIH *a->, *kām- (IndoIr -k'-)
Meaning: stone, rock
Hittite: aku- c. 'stone', akuwant- 'stony' (Tischler 10-11 to *ak'- 'sharp')
Old Indian: áśman-, gen. áśnaḥ, instr. áśnā m. `stone, rock; firmament, cloud'
Avestan: asman-, gen. ašnō, abl. ašnäat_ 'Stein, Himmel', asmana- 'steinern'; asǝngō-gav-mi 'Händen aus Stein'; aɵangaina- 'steinern'
Other Iranian: OPers asman- 'Himmel'
Old Greek: ep., ion., poet. ákmōn, -onos m. `Amboss'
Baltic: *ak-mō̃ (*ak-men-es) (1)
Celtic: Gaul acaunum `saxum'
Russ. meaning: камень, скала
References: WP I 28 f
Comments: Cf. *k(')em-er/n- #2974 'sky, cloud', often united with "stone" by folk etymology (Hitt. forms show that "heaven" was *k(')em- while "stone" was *ak'm-).
Proto-IE: *ak's-
Meaning: axle
Old Indian: ákṣa- m. `axle, axis'
Old Greek: áksōn, -onos m. `Radachse, Achse', hám-aksa f. `(vierrädriger Last)wagen'
Latin: axis, -is m. `Achse am Wagen, Wagen, Erdachse, Pol, Himmel'
Celtic: *aksi- > Ir ais `Karren, Wagen'; *aksilā > Cymr echel f., Bret ahel `Achse'
Russ. meaning: ось
References: WP I 37
Proto-IE: *ak(')s-
Meaning: armpit
Avestan: du. gen. ašayɔ̄ 'der beiden Achseln'
Armenian: anuth (< *asnuth) `Achselgrube'
Latin: āla f. `Achsel; Flügel'; axilla f. `Achselhöhle'
Russ. meaning: подмышка
References: WP I 37
Proto-IE: *akʷ-
Meaning: dark, blind
Old Greek: {ákaro- `blind' Hsch. - nowhere found. LS: ákara = tà skélē (Cret.) Hsch., EM}
Latin: aquilus, -a `dunkel', aquilō, -ōnis m. `Norddrittelostwind, Nordwind'
Russ. meaning: темный, слепой
Proto-IE: *akʷ- <PIH *a->
Meaning: water (flowing)
Hittite: ? akukal(la?)- or akutal(la?)- 'Waschbecken' (Tischler 11-12)
Latin: aqua f. `Wasser, Wasserleitung'
Russ. meaning: вода (проточная)
References: WP I 34 f, Buck 29, 35, 42.
Proto-IE: *al-
Meaning: to raise, to feed
Old Indian: íḍā, íḍ- f. `refreshing draught, refreshment, libation'; r̥dhnoti, r̥ṇaddhi, r̥dhati, r̥dhyati `to grow, increase, prosper, succeeed'; árdhuka- `prospering'
Avestan: arǝdat_ `er lasse gedeihen', ǝrǝdāt- `Gedeihen schaffend'
Old Greek: án-alto- `unersättlich', neālḗ-s `munter, stark' < *new(o)-al-; aldáinō, áldomai̯, aor. ǟ́ldane `wachsen lassen, stärken', aldḗskō `wachsen'; althái̯nō, álthō `heilen', álthomai̯ `heil werden'
Latin: alō, -ere, -uī, -tum (/ -itum) `(er)nähren, aufziehen, pflegen', alimentum `Nährungsmittel'; altus, -a `hoch, tief'; abebris, -e `nährend, nahrhaft'; alēscere `heranwachsen, gedeihen'; almus, -a `nährend, segenspendend, hold, hehr' adolēscō, adultum, -ere `heranwachsen'; indolēs, -is f. `die angeborene Beschaffenheit, Anlage, Begabung', subolēs `Nachkommenschaft, Spross', prōlēs, -is f. `Sprössling, Nachkomme, Nachwuchs'
Other Italic: Osk altinúm `alimentorum'
Celtic: OIr alim `nähre'; MIr alt `Höhe; Ufer, Küste'; Cymr allt `Seite eines Hügels, bewaldeter Felsen', OCorn als, Bret aot, aod `Küste'; OIr altram `Nahrung', altru `Pflegevater'
Russ. meaning: растить, кормить
Proto-IE: *al-
Meaning: all
Latin: ? alers, allers `doctus, eruditus, iners'
Russ. meaning: весь
References: WP I 90
Proto-IE: *al-
Meaning: enthusiasm
Latin: alacer (OLat alacris), -cre `munter, lustig, eifrig, aufgeregt'
Russ. meaning: воодушевление
References: WP I 155 f
Proto-IE: *al-
Meaning: pron.: other
Tokharian: A ālak, B allek, alye-k `állos tis' (PT *ālle-kä) (Adams 28-29)
Old Indian: áraṇa- `foreign, distant', arí- m. `enemy'
Armenian: ayl `anderer'
Old Greek: *aljo-: állo-, Cypr. ailo- `anderer'
Latin: alius, -a, -ud `ein anderer', alter, -era `der eine von zweien, der andere', aliuta `aliter, andssswie'; aliquis, -quantus, quot, -cubi, alibi
Other Italic: Osk allo `alia', altram `alteram', altrud `altero'
Celtic: *ali̯o-, *alno- etc. > Gaul alla `aliud', allos `zweiter'; OIr aile, f. aile, n. aill `ander', alltar `das Jenseits', al prp. с той стороны, сверх предела, ol снаружи; Ir al 'jenseits, über-hinaus', anall 'von jenseits, von dort, herüber', alle, allae, (jünger) alla 'jenseits'; MCymr arall `anderer', Cymr ail
Russ. meaning: другой
References: WP I 84 f
Comments: Cf. *el- 'that'.
Proto-IE: *al- ?
Meaning: spruce, juniper
Armenian: eɫevin, gen. eɫevni `spruce, cedar'
Russ. meaning: дерево (ель, можжевельник etc.)
References: WP I 151
Proto-IE: *alā-
Meaning: to wander
Tokharian: A, B āl- (PT *āl-) 'keep away, check, restrain' (Adams 54)
Old Greek: álǟ `das Umherschweifen', aláomai̯, pf. Hom. alálǟmai̯, aor. alǟ́thēn `umherirren, umherschweifen, in der Verbannung leben'; alái̯nō `id.' alǟ́tǟ-s m. `Bettler'; alǟ́mōn `umherschweifend', alǟtǘ-s `das Umherirren'; ǟláskō `umherirren, umherschweifen'; ǟlémato- `idle, vain'
Latin: ambulāre `umher-, hin- und hergehen, gehen, reisen, spazieren'
Russ. meaning: блуждать
Proto-IE: *(a)lāw- (Ge ha-)
Meaning: flooring, ground, threshing-floor
Old Greek: hálōs, gen. -ō 'threshing-floor; disk (later: halo) of sun or moon'; alōǟ́ Hom., Hes., Opp. 'threshing-floor; halo (of sun or moon)'
Russ. meaning: настил; площадка, гумно
References: WP II 407 f
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