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Indo-European etymology : Search within this database Total of 3178 records 159 pages
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Proto-IE: *op- <PIH *H->
Meaning: work, result of work
Hittite: hap- (I) 'reichlich vorhanden sein', happin(a)- 'reich'; (?) happar n. 'Kaufpreis, Handel', Lyk. epirije- 'verkaufen', Lyd. afari- 'Verkaufserklärung, Schenkungsurkunde' (Tischler 157-158, 161-162)
Tokharian: A opṣäly, B ekṣalye (PT *epṣälye) 'season, time for action' (Adams 76-77)
Old Indian: ápas- n. `work, action'; āpas- n. `religious ceremony'; ápnas- n. `possession, property'
Avestan: hv-apah- `gutes Werk'; afnah-vant- `reich an Besitz'
Old Greek: ómpnǟ f. `Nahrung, Getreide' pl. `Kuchen aus Mehl und Honig, Honigscheiben'; Ómpnia f. Beiwort der Demeter
Latin: ope f. `Vermögen, Reichtum, Macht; Hilfe, Beistand', Ops f. `Göttin des Erntesegens'; opulentus `reich, an Vermögen mächtig'
Other Italic: Osk úpsannam `operandam, faciendam', opsatuh sent `factī sunt ?', pf. upsed `fecit', uupsens `fecērunt'; Umbr osatu `facitō'; Paelign upsaseter `operārētur od. -rentur'
Russ. meaning: труд и его плоды
Proto-IE: *op- <PIH *o->
Meaning: back, around
Hittite: appan (Adv.) 'hinten, danach', appanda 'rückwärts, nach', apezzi(ja)- 'hinterer, letzter; gering' (Tischler 41-42, 44)
Old Indian: ápi (+ loc.) 'near, over'; ápāka- `coming from a distant place, distant'
Avestan: aipi (+ acc.) 'über - hin'
Old Greek: ópisthe(n), hom. ópithe adv. 'hinten, hinter'; epí praep. 'upon, etc.'
Latin: op-eriō, ob, usw.
Russ. meaning: сзади, вокруг
Proto-IE: *(o)pel- (-ph-) ?
Meaning: to be strong, thick
Old Indian: phála- n. `fruit; result', phalati `to be fruitful, bear or produce fruit', phaṇa- m., phaṇā f., phaṭa- m., phaṭā f. `expanded hood or neck of a serpent'
Old Greek: ophéllō, aor. pt. hom. ophéllei̯en `mehren, vermehre, vergrössen, fördern'; óphelma n., ophelmo-s m. (inschr.) `Vermehrung, Vorteil', óphelos n. `Förderung, Nutzen, Vorteil, Gewinn'
Latin: polleō, -ēre `vermögen, stark sein, ausrichten', pollex, -icis m. `Daumen, grosse Fusszehe; kurzer Zweig am Weinstock; Knoten'
Celtic: *holl- > Gaul Ollo-gnatus, -vicus; OIr comp. uilliu, sup. ollam `der höchste auf einem Wissensgebiete, Gelehrter, Doktor', MIr oll `gross'
Russ. meaning: быть сильным, крепким, толстым
Proto-IE: *op-, *ob-, *nop-, *dob-
Meaning: a sweet-juiced plant
Latin: opulus, -ī f. `Feldahorn, Acer campestre'
Russ. meaning: растение со сладким соком (клен, клевер)
References: WP I 177
Proto-IE: *or- <PIH *H->
Meaning: a k. of big bird, eagle
Hittite: hara(n)- c. 'Adler' (Tischler 170-171)
Armenian: oror, urur `Möwe, Weihe'
Old Greek: órneo-n n. `Vogel'; órnis/órnīs, gen. -īthos, особые формы: acc. -ī̆n, pl. órnẹ̄s/órnīs, dial. órnīk-s `Vogel, Weissagevogel', -īkhos, pl. gen. -ī́khōn, dat. -ī́khessi, -īksi
Celtic: *erur-: OIr irar `Adler'; MBret erer `Adler', Cymr eryr `Adler', Corn er `Adler', MBret erer `Adler', Bret er `Adler'
Russ. meaning: птица (крупная), орел
References: WP I 135
Proto-IE: *orb(h)-
Meaning: circle
Tokharian: A, B yerpe 'orb'
Latin: orbis, -is, abl. -e/-ī 'окружность, круг; диск, круг'
Russ. meaning: круг
References: Adams 506.
Proto-IE: *orbh- <PIH *o->
Meaning: orphan; slave, servant
Hittite: arpu- 'schwierig, unglücklich', arpuwant- 'unwegsam, beschwerlich', arpa- c. 'Ungunst, Mißerfolg'; Lyk. erbbe 'Unglück, Zusammenbruch' (Tischler 65-66)
Old Indian: árbha- `little, small, unimportant'; arbhá- m. `child, boy'
Armenian: orb, gen. -oy `Waise', arbaneak `Diener, Gehilfe, Mitarbeiter'
Old Greek: orphobótēs = orphanotróphos Hsch., orphobotía 'the care or education of orphans' Hsch., orphanó- `verwaist; beraubt, verlassen', orphanó-s `Waise'
Latin: orbus, -a `einer Sache beraubt; seiner Eltern beraubt, verwaist; seiner Kinder oder des Gatten brraubt'
Celtic: OIr orbe, orbbe, orpe m., n. `der, das Erbe', comarbe `Miterbe'
Russ. meaning: сирота; раб, работник
Comments: Сf. Hitt. harp- (I) 'absondern?', harpu- 'feindlich', harpanalli- 'Feind' (Tischler 179ff)
Proto-IE: *(o)reg'[a]-
Meaning: to straighten, to direct
Tokharian: A, B räk- 'extend (over), cover' (Adams 529)
Old Indian: r̥ñjáti `to make proper, arrange', irajyati `to order, prepare, arrange'; r̥jú- `straight'; rají- `sich aufrichtend, gerade'; ráji- f. `direction', rā́ji-, rājī f. `streak, line, row'
Avestan: arǝzu- `gerade, recht'; raz-, ptc. rā̆šta- `richten, geraderichten, ordnen', ham-raz- med. `sich aufrichten, emporrecken; sich etwas zurechtrichten', razan- `Ordnung, Satzung', rašnu- `gerecht', rāzarǝ, rāzan- `Gebot, Satzung, Anordnung', rasman- m., n. `Schlachtreihe'
Old Greek: orégō, -omai̯, orégnǖmi, orignáomai̯, aor. oréksai̯, -asthai̯, ps. orekhthē̂nai̯, pf. m-p. ṓregmai̯, va. orektó- `(die Hand) hinstrecken, darreichen, sich strecken, zu erreichen suchen'; óregma n. `das Ausstrecken', óreksi-s f. `Verlangen, Begierde', adv. orégdǟn `durch Ausstrecken'; órgüi̯a, órgüa, orógüi̯a, gen. -ǟ̂s, pl. -ái̯ `Klafter'
Germanic: *rik-a- vb.; *rix-t-a- adj., *rixt-u- c., *rak-i- adj., *rak-ō f., *rak-a- adj., *rik-ō- vb., *rak-ō- vb., *rik-an-ō- vb.; *rēk-ō f., *rak-ja- vb., *rak-a- n., *rak-ō(n-) f. Latin: regō, -ere, rēxī, rēctum `geraderichten, lenken, herrschen', rēctus, -a `gerade, aufrech t, regelrecht, schlicht, rechtlich'; regimen n. `Leitung, Regierung; Leieer; Steuerruder'; regio `Richtung, Linie, Strich, Gegend', rēgula f. `Latte, Richtschnur, Lineal; Grundsatz', rēgillus, -ī `mit senkrecht gezogenen Kettenfäden gewebt'; rogāre `fragen; ersuchen, bitten'
Celtic: *reg-, *eks-reg-, *rog-, *rektu- etc. > Gaul Rectu-genus; OIr rigid `streckt aus, z. B. die Hand', pf. reraig `direxit'; atomriug `erhebe mich', atreig `erhebt sich', ēirge `surrectio'; conj. 3 sg. rogas `dilatare', roichthir `porrigitur'; recht (u-St.) `Gesetz'; Cymr eir(e)ant `ascendent'; rhaith `Gesetz'
Russ. meaning: выпрямлять, вытягивать вперед, направлять; цепочка следов, линия
References: WP II 362 f
Proto-IE: *(o)rewǝ-
Meaning: to move, to drive, to agitate
Tokharian: A rsu-, B räss- (PT *räsw-) 'tear out, off' (Adams 533)
Old Indian: roṣati, ruṣyati, ruṣati `to hurt, injure; to be hurt, offended', part. ruṣita-, ruṣṭa-
Old Greek: oróu̯ō `sich schnell erheben, auffahren, losstürzen'
Latin: ruō, ruī, ruitūrus, rutum/rūtum, ruere `stürzen, eilen', tr. `niederreissen'
Celtic: MIr ruathar `Ansturm', Cymr `id.', OIr rū(a)e `held'
Russ. meaning: двигать(ся), гнать, волновать(ся)
References: WP I 136 f
Comments: Cf. a similar root *rū- `heap up', but notice quantities in Lat t-forms.
Proto-IE: *(o)reyǝ-
Meaning: to move (tr.), to lift
Armenian: imp. ari `stehe auf'
Old Greek: orī́nō, lesb. orī́nō (nur Hdn. lesb. orínnō) `erregen, aufregen'
Latin: ir-rītare `erregen, reizen; hervorrufen', pro-rītāre `hervorreizen, durch Reiz hervorbringen, anreizen, anlocken'
Celtic: MIr rīan `way, manner'
Russ. meaning: приводить в движение, поднимать
Proto-IE: *org- <PIH *H->
Meaning: to hew, to kill
Hittite: hark- (I) 'umkommen, zugrunde gehen', Pal. hark- (Tischler 175-176)
Tokharian: A arkämn-, B erkau 'Leichenstätte' (PT *erke-män-) (Adams 95)
Armenian: harkanem `prügle, zerhaue (Holz), fälle (Bäume), erschlage, töte, kämpfe'
Celtic: *org- > Gaul orgę `occide'; OIr org(a)im `schlage, erschlage, töte; verwüste, beschädige, verletze', MIr orn `Zerstören'; MBret treorgan `perforo', orgiat `caesar'
Russ. meaning: рубить, убивать
Proto-IE: *org'h- <PIH *o->
Meaning: testicle
Hittite: ark- (II) 'besteigen, bespringen', arki(ja)- 'Hode' (Tischler 59, 60)
Tokharian: B -erkatstse 'testiculate' (Adams 94-95)
Avestan: ǝrǝzi- m. `Hodensack', du. ǝrǝzi `Hoden'
Armenian: pl. orʒikh `Hoden', orʒi `nicht kastriert', mi-orʒi `mónorkhis'
Old Greek: órkhis, gen. -ios/-eōs, att. pl. órkhei̯s, ion. órkhies 'testicle'
Celtic: Ir uirge 'membrum virile'
Albanian: herδe f. `Hode'
Russ. meaning: testiculus
Proto-IE: *ors- <PIH *o->
Meaning: buttock, anus
Hittite: arra- c. 'After, Gesäss' (Tischler 51-52)
Armenian: orr, pl. orrkh (i-St.) `Hinterer'
Old Greek: órro-s m. `Hinterer, After; Ende des os sacrum'
Celtic: OIr. err f. 'Schwanz, Ende'
Russ. meaning: ягодица, anus
Proto-IE: *(o)rū-, *(o)rū-g-, etc.; *orw-
Meaning: to dig; ditch (incl. as a boundary)
Old Indian: áruṣ- n. `wound, sore'; ? ūrvá- m. `ocean' (but as adj. `broad, great', probably derived from uru-)
Old Greek: att. hóro-s, ep., on. ọ̄̂ro-s, kork. orwos, kret., arg. ō̂ro-s, herakl. óro-s m. `Grenze, Grenzzeichen (-pfahl, -säule, -stein), Termin, Schranke, Ziel, Bestimmung, Definition' || orǘssō, att. -ttō, aor. orügẹ̄̂n, orǘksai, p. orükhthē̂nai̯, orügē̂nai̯, pf. orṓrükha, `graben, scharren, auf-, be-, aus-, um-, durchgraben', orükhǟ́, orügǟ́ `das Graben', órügma n. `Graben', kat-ōrükhḗs `in der Erdfe vergraben', diō̂rük-s, -ükhos f. Grabe, Kanal, órügma `Grube, Graben', orükhǟ́ f. `das Graben', orüktḗr m. `Minenarbeiter', orǘktǟ-s m. `Gräber, Werkzeug zum Graben'
Latin: urvus `circuitus civitatis'; (amb)urvāre `mit einer Grenzfurche umziehen' || rūta caesa `alles, was auf einem Grundstück ausgegraben und gefällt ist', rutrum n. `Grabscheit, Schaufel', rutellum `kleine Schaufel', rutābulum n. `Ofenschaufel'; ruō, -ere, ruī, rūtus `wühle, scharre'
Other Italic: Osk uruvú `Grenze, Grenzweg'
Russ. meaning: ров, граница; шрам
Comments: See also REFERNUM 1629
Proto-IE: *or(w)- <PIH *o->
Meaning: to lift, to rise, to move
Hittite: ar-/er- (II) 'ankommen, gelangen nach, kommen zu', (med.) 'stehen, sich stellen'; pal. ar `gelangen (?)', luw. ari(ya)- 'ankommen' (?) (Tischler 48-49); arai- (II) 'sich erheben' (Tischler 52); arnu- (I) 'in Bewegung setzen, fort- oder herbringen' (Tischler 64); aru- 'hoch' (Tischler 70-71)
Tokharian: A ar-, B er- (PT *er-) 'evoke, bring forth, produce' (Adams 92-3)
Old Indian: r̥ṇóti, r̥ṇváti, r̥cchati `to go, move, rise, tend upwards; go towards, reach, obtain'; sam-ará- m. n. `meeting, encounter, conflict'; írya- `active, powerful, energetical'; árvan, árvant- `running, hasting'
Avestan: ar- `(sich) in Bewegung setzen, hingelagen'; hamara- m. `Gegnert, Widersacher'; aurva-, aurvant- `schnell, tapfer'
Other Iranian: OPers rasatiy `kommt, gelangt', NPers rasad `id.'
Armenian: y-arnem `erhebe mich, stehe auf'
Old Greek: órnümai̯, aor. ōrómǟn, -eto, ō̂rto, órmeno-, pf. órōra `sich regen, sich erheben, lossturzen, eilen'; órnǖmi/ -nǘō, aor. ō̂rsa, ṓrore, fut. órsō, aor. pass. ō̂rthēn `erregen, antreiben, ermuntern'; orto-, orsi-/orti- в сложениях; thé-orto- `von der Göttern ausgegangen', né-orto- `neuerstanden'
Latin: orior (-eris/-īris), oritūrus, ortus, orīrī `aufstehen, sich erheben; aufsteigen; entstehen, geboren sein, abstammen'; ortu, -ūs m. `Aufgang (eines Gestirns), Geburt, Abstammung'
Other Italic: Umbr ortom `ortum', urtas `ortae, surgentēs', urtes `surgentibus'
Russ. meaning: поднимать(ся), двигать(ся)
References: WP I 136 f, Buck 23.
Comments: Cf. other similar roots in *er-, *ar-.
Proto-IE: *ost- (-th-) <PIH *H->
Meaning: bone
Hittite: hastai- n. 'Knochen, Gebein(e)' (Tischler 202-203)
Tokharian: B āy, āyo, pl. āsta 'bone' (Adams 45 f)
Old Indian: asthi, gen. asthnáḥ n. `bone'
Avestan: ast-, asti- n. 'Knochen'; astava- 'mit einem Knochen versehen'; asku- 'Schienbein, Wade'
Armenian: oskr `Knoche'
Old Greek: ion., hell. ostéo-n, att. ostọ̄̂-n n. `Knochen'; att. ostakó-s, hellen. astakó-s `Meerkrebs'; óstrako-n `knöcherne, harte Schale von Schnecken, Muscheln, Schildkroten', óstrei̯o-n, -eo-n n. `Auster, Muschel, Meeresschnecke; Purpurfarbe'; ostrǘ-s, -ǘos; ostrǘǟ; ostrüís, -ídos f. N. eines Baumes mit Hartem weissem Holz, `Hopfenhainbuche, Ostrya carpinifolia'; ? astrágalo-s m. `Halswirbel, Sprungbein, (daraus gemachter) Würfel'
Slavic: *ostь 'fish-bone'
Latin: os, gen. ossis n. `Bein, Knochen', OLat ossum, pl. ossua n. id.
Celtic: Cymr asgwrn `Knochen', Corn ascorn `Knochen', Bret askourn `Knochen'
Albanian: ašt, ašte Knochen
Russ. meaning: кость
Proto-IE: *ous-
Meaning: ear
Avestan: du. uši 'die beiden Ohren'
Other Iranian: NPers hoš 'Ohr' (< *aus-)
Armenian: unkn, gen. unkan `Ohr'
Old Greek: ion., att., hom. ôu̯s, Theocr., hell. ō̂s, gen. ep., poet. óu̯at-os, ion., att. ōtós, pl. ṓwata (Alkman), aû̯s (Paul. Fest.), pl. ā̂ta [cod. áta ] (Tarant.) Hsch. `Ohr; Henkel', pl. *ōwíd-es: ōbídes = enōtía Hsch., amph-ō̂es `zweiörig, -henkelig'; ? aánthā `a k. of earrings' Hsch.; enṓi̯dio-n n. `Ohrenhänge', enṓtion (Delos) `id.'
Baltic: *aũs-i-
Latin: auris, -is f. `Ohr'; aus-cultāre `horchen, lauschen, hören aufmerksam zu, gehorchen'
Celtic: OIr au, ō 'Ohr' (neutr. es-St.)
Russ. meaning: ухо
Proto-IE: *ow-
Meaning: to put on, to take off foot-wear
Avestan: aoɵra- n. `Schuhwerk'
Armenian: aganim `ziehe mir etwas an'
Latin: ex-uō, -uī, -ūtum, -ere `ausziehen, ablegen', ind-uō, -uī, -ūtum, -ere `anziehen, anlegen', sub-ūcula f. `Untergewand der Männer und Frauen, pl. induviae `An-, Überzug'
Other Italic: Umbr anovihimu `induitor'
Russ. meaning: обуть/разуть
Proto-IE: *ow-
Meaning: cold, cool
Old Indian: {ūdhar n. `Kälte', oman- `id.'}
Avestan: aota- `kalt (vom Winde)', n. `Kälte, Frost', aoδarǝ `Kälte'
Armenian: hov `kalt'; oic `kalt, ucanam `werde kalt'
Celtic: Ir ōcht, ūacht `Kälte', *ougro-: ūar `kalt', Cymr oer, OCorn oir `id.', Gaul Ogron (verkürtzter Monatsname)
Russ. meaning: холодный, прохладный
References: WP I 221 f
Proto-IE: *(o)way
Meaning: alas
Old Indian: uvé 'an interjection'
Avestan: vayōi, āvōya 'wehe!'
Armenian: vay 'Wehe, Unglück'
Old Greek: oá, sei alexandrin. Zeit u̯á, u̯ā̃, u̯ái̯, NGreek vái; oizdǘ-s 'Weh, Jammer, Unglück'
Germanic: Got wai, OIsl vei usw.; OHG wēwo, wēwa 'Wehe, Schmerz, Leid', OSax wē, gen. wēwes, OE wāwa, wēa, OIsl vǟ, vē (> Finn vaiva 'Plage, Elend')
Latin: vae
Celtic: MIr fāe, Cymr gwae 'weh!'
Russ. meaning: увы
piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-greek,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-ital,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-greek,piet-lat,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-tokh,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-ind,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-comment,piet-meaning,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-comment,piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-tokh,piet-arm,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-tokh,piet-avest,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-balt,piet-celt,piet-alb,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-germ,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-ital,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-comment,piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-iran,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-ital,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-comment,piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-lat,piet-celt,piet-alb,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-avest,piet-iran,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-avest,piet-arm,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-lat,piet-ital,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-arm,piet-balt,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,
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