Proto-Turkic: *čal-
Meaning: 1 to knock (down), hit, agitate 2 to whet 3 to slaughter 4 to mow 5 scythe 6 to sting, pierce 7 to sweep 8 to chop 9 a k. of broom 10 to sharpen, whet 11 whetstone 12 mowing, hay time 13 to trip 14 blade
Russian meaning: 1 сбивать, ударять, бить, взбалтывать 2 точить 3 убивать, закалывать 4 косить 5 коса 6 жалить, закалывать 7 подметать 8 изрубить, отрубить 9 вид метлы, веник-голик 10 точить 11 оселок 12 покос 13 дать подножку 14 острие, лезвие
Old Turkic: čal- 1 (OUygh.)
Turkish: čal- 1, čalgɨ 9, čalgɨ oraɣɨ 5
Tatar: čal- 1, 3, čalɣɨ 5
Uzbek: čal- 1, čalɣi ụrɔq 5
Uighur: čal- 1, čalɣa 5
Sary-Yughur: čal(ɨ)- 8
Azerbaidzhan: čal- 1, 6, 7, čalɣɨ 9
Turkmen: čal- 10, 7, 6, čalGɨ 5, 11
Khakassian: sal- 1
Shor: šalɣɨ 5
Oyrat: čalɣɨ 5
Halaj: čal- 1, 6
Chuvash: śol- 4, śolъk 9
Yakut: sālɨn- 'to fall abruptly'
Tuva: šalɨ- 10
Kirghiz: čal- 1, 3, čalɣɨ 5, čalɣɨn 12
Kazakh: šal- 13, šalɣɨ 5, šalɣɨn 12
Noghai: šal- 1, 3, 4, šalɣɨ 5
Bashkir: salɨ- 3
Balkar: čal- 4, čalqɨ 5
Gagauz: čalɨm 14
Karaim: cal- 1, 4, calqɨ, calɣɨ 5
Karakalpak: šal- 1, 3, 13, šalɣɨ 5, šalɣɨn 12
Kumyk: čal- 1, 4, čalɣɨ 5
Comments: VEWT 97, EDT 417-418 , Егоров 206, Федотов 2, 132, 133. The difference in length between Turkm. and Yak. allows to suppose a merger of at least two roots, perhaps originally distinguished semantically and phonetically as *čāl- 'to knock down' (reflected in Yak., not reflected in Turkm.) - *čal- 'to sharpen, whet' (reflected in Turkm., not reflected in Yak.). Since "Verba des Schlagens" are generally vague semantically, in most languages it is difficult to draw a line between them.
