Proto-West-Caucasian: *c:ʷa
Meaning: 1 plough 2 ploughshare 3 to plough
Abkhaz: á-č̌-matʷa 1
Abaza: čʷa-ʁʷa-ra 3
Adyghe: cʷā-bza 2
Kabardian: vā-bʒa 2
Ubykh: cʷā-bźá 2
Comments: The root is used only in compounds. Abkh.: á-č̌-matʷa 'plough' (-matʷa 'thing'), a-č̌-éjχa 'ploughshare' (ájχa 'iron'), a-č̌-mā 'ploughhandle' (a-mā́ 'handle), a-č̌a-ʁʷa-ra 'to plough' (lit. 'to pull the plough' = Abaz. čʷa-ʁʷa-ra id.). Ub.: cʷā-bźá 'ploughshare' ( = PAK *c:ʷa-bʒá id.; about the second part see under PWC *pǝźa), cʷǝ-ntá 'furrow left by a plough'. All these data leave no doubt in the existence of a separate PWC root *c:ʷa 'plough'. Shagirov (1, 104-105) is quite right in distinguishing this root from PWC *c:ʷǝ 'ox'; however, his proposal to consider it the same morpheme as *zʷa 'to plough' (q.v.) can not be accepted - all languages clearly distinguish these two roots phonetically.
