Proto-West-Caucasian: *χIʷa
Meaning: 1 to curse, offend 2 curse, offence
Abkhaz: á-čʷ-ħa-ra 1
Abaza: čʷ-ħa-ra 1
Adyghe: χʷāna-n 1
Kabardian: ja-χʷana-n 1
Ubykh: cʷǝ-χIá 2
Comments: PAT *cʷǝ-ħa- (a compound with *cʷǝ- 'bad, evil' = Ub. cʷǝ-χIá). PAK *χʷa-na- 'to curse' is actually a nominal derivate from *χʷa-nǝ 'curse' (preserved in Kab. χʷan), which itself is originally a nominal form of the verbal stem *χʷa-. Delabialisation in PAT and Ub. is due to dissimilation (with the labialised cʷ- of the 1st compound element). Cf. also PAK *χʷǝ-ć̣a- > Kab., Ad. χʷǝṣ́a-n 'to quarrel, swear, grumble' (probably borrowed into Ubykh as χʷǝć̣á- / χʷǝč̣́á- 'être excité'. In Abaz. there are also variants ħʷa-čʷa-ra 'to prate, twaddle', čʷǵa-ħʷa-ra 'to talk scandal' (but these may contain PAT *ħʷa 'to speak').
