Proto-North Caucasian: *ḳɨ̄ʔwV
Meaning: small
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. The peculiar root structure in Lak. (č̣i=i- < *ḳi-i-) is explained by the reinterpretation of *-ʔw- > *-w- as a changeable class marker. The PN form is reduplicated (*kaḳV- < *ḳa-ḳVH- with dissimilation).