Besides *Hamq̇ʷV, Lezgian languages have a series of phonetically close forms with *-q̇:(ʷ)- and *-q:-: Tab. Düb. c-uq:i, Ag. q:uq:u-f (Burk. q:uq:u-f) 'hard', Lezg. weq:i 'rigid, rough', quq:ʷa-z 'to become rigid, to harden' (Khl. qʷq:ʷaj 'hard' = lit. quq:ʷaj 'hardened'), Rut. Mukh. (Ibragimov) ʁiʁ-dɨ 'hard, tough', Luch. q-u=ʁʷa- 'to harden, dry out' ( = Lezg. quq:ʷa-), ʁIɨʁI-dɨ 'hard'. It is rather hard to reconstruct a single protoform for all these forms: we probably deal both with expressive modifications of PL *Hamq̇ʷV and with assimilative developments of the reduplicated form *q̇Vmq:V (from the PEC variant *q̇Hwamq̇_(w)Ă).