Character: 勉
Modern (Beijing) reading: miǎn
Preclassic Old Chinese: marʔ
Classic Old Chinese: mán
Western Han Chinese: mán
Eastern Han Chinese: mán
Early Postclassic Chinese: mén
Middle Postclassic Chinese: mén
Late Postclassic Chinese: mén
Middle Chinese: mén
English meaning : to strive, insist, make effort
Russian meaning[s]: 1) прилагать усилия; стараться; усердно; 2) принуждать, уговаривать, воодущевлять
Comments: Viet. mến is a colloquial loanword (with a somewhat modified meaning 'to strive' > 'to love, like, esteem'); regular Sino-Viet. is miễn. For *m- cf. Xiamen bian3, Chaozhou mieŋ3, Fuzhou mieŋ3. As in some other cases, MC mén is not quite regular (*mwǝ́n would be a normal reflex of *marʔ).
Radical: 19
Four-angle index: 7580
Karlgren code: 0222 c
Vietnamese reading: mến
Shijing occurrences: 35.1, 35.4
