Character: 虐
Modern (Beijing) reading: nüè
Preclassic Old Chinese: ŋhakʷ
Classic Old Chinese: ŋhauk
Western Han Chinese: ŋhauk
Eastern Han Chinese: ŋhauk
Early Postclassic Chinese: ŋhauk
Middle Postclassic Chinese: ŋhak
Late Postclassic Chinese: ŋhak
Middle Chinese: ŋak
English meaning : to coerce, oppress; be violent, tyrannical, coercive
Russian meaning[s]: 1) жестокий, бесчеловечный; мучить; 2) бедствие
Comments: For *ŋh- cf. Jianou ŋiɔ7, Meixian ńiɔk7.
Radical: 141
Four-angle index: 844
Karlgren code: 1118 a-b
Shijing occurrences: 55.3_
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