Character: 執
Modern (Beijing) reading: zhí
Preclassic Old Chinese: tip
Classic Old Chinese: tip
Western Han Chinese: tjǝp
Eastern Han Chinese: ćǝp
Early Postclassic Chinese: ćip
Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćip
Late Postclassic Chinese: ćip
Middle Chinese: ćip
English meaning : to hold, seize, take
Russian meaning[s]: 1) держать в руках; брать; 2) схватить; арестовать; 3) блюсти, соблюдать; охранять; 4) крепко стоять за...; упорствовать в...; 5) сдержать, обуздать; 6) Чжи (фамилия)
Comments: Another possible loan from the same source is Viet. chốp, chộp 'to seize, grab, steal'; cf. also chụp 'to catch, seize, grab'.
Radical: 32
Four-angle index: 7742
Karlgren code: 0685 a-e
Vietnamese reading: chấp
Shijing occurrences: 31.4, 38.2, 38.3
