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\data\china\bigchina
Character:
Modern (Beijing) reading: qiáng
Preclassic Old Chinese: ghaŋ
Classic Old Chinese: ghaŋ
Western Han Chinese: ghaŋ
Eastern Han Chinese: ghaŋ
Early Postclassic Chinese: ghaŋ
Middle Postclassic Chinese: ghaŋ
Late Postclassic Chinese: ghaŋ
Middle Chinese: gaŋ
English meaning : be strong
Russian meaning[s]: 1) сильный, мощный, здоровый; усиливать; оздоровлять; 2) насиловать; насильственно; силой; 3) стараться; напрягаться, приналечь на...; 4) грубый, дерзкий; упрямый; упорный; 5) быть сильнее; быть лучше; превосходить; 6) больший; с лишним, с излишком; с плюсом; больше; 7) Цян (фамилия); [qiǎng] 1) заставлять, принуждать; 2) через силу, насильно, силком; необоснованный; [jiàng] самовольно; вопреки всему
Comments: The character 強 was originally used for *ghaŋ 'name of an insect: рисовый долгоносик (вредитель)' (thus in Shuowen and Erya), while *ghaŋ 'strong' was written as **. Already in L.Chou 強 is used for *ghaŋ 'to be strong', as well as for a related word *ghaŋʔ 'to make efforts, force; effort' (MC gáŋ, Mand. qiǎng). Regular Sino-Viet. reflexes are: cu'ò'ng ( < *gaŋ), cu'õ'ng ( < *gaŋʔ). For *gh cf. Xiamen khiɔŋ2, Chaozhou khiaŋ2, Longdu khiuŋ2, Jianou khiɔŋ3 (with unclear tone reflex).
Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology
Dialectal data: Dialectal data
Radical: 57
Four-angle index: 8729
Karlgren code: 0713 a-b
Vietnamese reading: gu'ọ'ng
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