Character: 敦
Modern (Beijing) reading: dūn
Preclassic Old Chinese: tūr
Classic Old Chinese: tūn
Western Han Chinese: tūn
Eastern Han Chinese: tūn
Early Postclassic Chinese: tūn
Middle Postclassic Chinese: tūn
Late Postclassic Chinese: tūn
Middle Chinese: ton
English meaning : be thick, ample, generous; to consider thick, weighty; to mass, mass troops, heap on, put pressure on
Russian meaning[s]: 1) щедрый; большой; увеличивать; 2) искренний, сердечный; честный; 3) подлинный, настоящий; 4) укреплять; 5) Дунь (фамилия); [dùn] хаос; хаотический; [duī] торопить, понуждать; [duì] древн. сосуд (для проса)
Comments: There also exists a variant (dialectal) MC reading toj (Go tai, Kan tui) id.; another attested reading is OC *dōr, MC dwân, Pek. tuán 'be plentiful'.
Radical: 66
Four-angle index: 6188
Karlgren code: 0464 p-q
Go-on: ton
Kan-on: ton
Shijing occurrences: 40.3_
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