Character: 閑
Modern (Beijing) reading: xián
Preclassic Old Chinese: ghrēn
Classic Old Chinese: ghrēn
Western Han Chinese: ɣrjān
Eastern Han Chinese: ɣriān
Early Postclassic Chinese: ɣiẹ̄n
Middle Postclassic Chinese: ɣiẹ̄n
Late Postclassic Chinese: ɣiẹ̄n
Middle Chinese: ɣạ̈n
English meaning : be moving slowly, lazy
Russian meaning[s]: 1) изгородь, барьер; огороженное место; ограждать; сдерживать; 2) обученный, вышколенный; 3) досуг; праздный, вм. 閒; 4) посторонний
Comments: During EZ the character is also used for two other OC words: *ghrān 'to restrain, train' and *ghrān 'be large'; in MC the reflexes should have been *ɣạ̈n for 'lazy' and *ɣạn for the other meanings, but were apparently early confused. For *gh- see notes to 閒 (間). During Late Zhou the character was also applied to a homonymous *ghrēn "bar, enclosure; obstruct". Viet. has a nasal reflex of the initial stop; although such readings are usually colloquial, in this case it was accepted as standard Sino-Vietnamese.
Radical: 169
Four-angle index: 3428
Karlgren code: 0192 a-b
Vietnamese reading: nhàn
