Proto-South Dravidian : *paẓ-, *paẓ-nd-
Meaning : to ripen
Tamil : paẓu (-pp-, -tt-)
Tamil meaning : to ripen (as fruits, grain), grow mature, arrive at perfection (as in knowledge, piety), become old, come to a head (as a boil), change colour by age, become pale or yellowish (as the body by disease), become flexible, pliant; n. (also paṛuppu) ripeness, yellowness (of fruits), leaf turned yellow with age
Tamil derivates : paẓunu (paẓuni-), paẓun_u (paẓun_i-) to grow ripe, become mellow, mature, be full or perfect; paẓam ripe fruit; paṇṭam fruit
Malayalam : paẓukka
Malayalam meaning : to grow ripe, become well-tempered, suppurate, decay; n. fruit put to ripen
Malayalam derivates : paẓuppu ripening of fruit; paẓuppikka to ripen artificially; paẓam ripe fruit, ripe plantains
Kannada : paṇ
Kannada meaning : to be produced (ripe fruit); n. (also paṇṇu) ripe fruit, ripeness
Kodagu : paṇṇɨ
Kodagu meaning : fruit
Tulu : palkuni, paḷkuni
Tulu meaning : to be very soft (as an overripe fruit), be pliant, flexible
Tulu derivates : parnduni to be ripe, mature, (hair) turns grey; parndāvuni to ripen (tr.); parndụ ripeness, ripe fruit, ripe plantains; ripe, grey; palu ripening (as of fruit), half-ripe; pandaḍè fructification, productiveness of a tree
Miscellaneous : IRU pammu, pāmu ripe fruit
Notes : Apart from the suffixless form *paṛ-, present in most SDR languages except for Kannada and Kodagu, we have to reconstruct a suffixal form *paṛnd- with a vowel-less -nd- suffix. The ensuing cluster *-ṛnd- resulted in: Tamil -ṇṭ- (paṇṭam), Irula -m- (pammu), Kota -ṇ- (paṇ), Toda -m- (pum), Kan. -ṇ- (paṇ), Kod. -ṇ- (paṇṇɨ). Only in some Tulu dialects the old cluster is preserved (parndụ, etc.).
Number in DED : 4004
