Semitic etymology : Query result

Number: 2274

Proto-Semitic: *ḳdḥ

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: to have inflammation

Akkadian: ḳidh_u, ḳudh_u 'Entzündung' SB [AHw 921].

According to [CAD ḳ 251], the meaning is uncertain; on AKK h_ < *ḥ see Introduction

Hebrew: ḳaddaḥat 'inflammation, fever' [KB 1067]

Judaic Aramaic: ḳidḥā 'inflammation (of the eyes)' [Ja 1315], ḳadḥūtā, ḳaddaḥtā 'fever, inflammation of the eye', ḳǝdīḥūtā 'burning, inflammation' [Ja 1315]; ḳdḥy, det. ḳdḥyth 'fever' [Sok 474]

Syrian Aramaic: ḳǝdiḥtā 'morbus oculi' [Brock 645]

Mandaic Aramaic: ḲDA 'to inflame' [DM 404], ḲHD do. [ibid. 405] (metathesis); ḳudha 'sore, inflammation' [ibid. 406]

Arabic: ḳdḥ (II) 's'enfoncer dans l'orbite (se dit de l'oeil); amaigrir exprès (son cheval)' [BK 2 684]

Geʕez (Ethiopian): ḳadḥa 'to be sick, perspire, have diarrhea' [LGz 421]

Amharic: ḳädda 'to have copious diarrhea'.

Cf. another meaning of the same verb, 'to pour a liquid' [K 817]

Notes: Represents various manifestations and after-effects of this condition (such as fever, perspiration, eye-disease, emaciation, diarrhea, etc.). A wide diversity of meanings makes a common semantic reconstruction somewhat difficult.

Must be eventually derived from SEM *ḳdḥ 'to light up fire': HBR ḳādaḥ 'to set fire to' [KB 1067], PHO ḳdḥ 'to light' [T 284]; SYR ḳǝdaḥ 'incendit' [Brock 645]; ARB ḳdḥ 'chercher à tirer du feu à l'aide d'un briquet' [BK 2 683]; SOQ ḳadaḥ 'to catch fire' [LS 367].

Note ETH EAST: SEL ḳōže, WOL ḳože, ZWY ḳuǯi 'to have dysentery, rust' [LGur 514] and GUR: CHA ḳʷäžä, EZHA MUH MASQ ḳʷäžžä do. [ibid. 514]. These examples may be related to the present root or go down to *ḳzy, as Leslau asserts comparing them to AMH ḳäzzänä 'to have dyzentery', AMH ARG ḳǝzän 'excrement' [ibid. 513], with -z- clearly coming from *z and not *d; on palatalization of d to ž see [ibid. XLIV], on d:ǯ and z:ž see [ibid. LVII].

[AHw 921]: AKK, HBR, ARM, ARB; [KB 1067]: HBR, ARM; [LGz 421]: GEZ, HBR (Leslau tends to derive the GEZ and AMH verbs meaning 'to have diarrhea' from "an original meaning of piercing the stomach", GEZ ḳadḥa; at the same time, he admits the possibility of connecting it with SEM *ḳdḥ 'to burn' and HBR ḳaddaḥat, in Leslau's transcription qad_aḥat_, 'fever')