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Altaic etymology : Search within this database Total of 2805 records 141 page
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Proto-Altaic: *ŋònŋi
Meaning: straight
Russian meaning: прямой, правильный
Proto-Altaic: *ŋṓjču
Meaning: thin, small
Russian meaning: тонкий
Comments: EAS 148, АПиПЯЯ 18, 43, 292; SKE 162-163. Medial *-j- has to be reconstructed to account for the peculiar vowel behaviour in Mong. and TM.Proto-Altaic: *ŋṑla
Meaning: long; extend
Russian meaning: длинный; растягивать
Comments: АПиПЯЯ 109, 276. The PTM form should be reconstructed with *-l- (despite АПиПЯЯ ); therefore it belongs here rather than to PT *ȫn-, Mong. *ön-.Proto-Altaic: *ŋṑŕa
Meaning: to surpass, win, contest
Russian meaning: превосходить, побеждать, соревноваться
Comments: Дыбо 15. Ozawa 170 compares the Jpn. form with Mong. arča- 'to quarrel, fight', but the latter is rather a reflex of *ḗŕa q. v. We should note that the Jpn. form may also belong to a different root, PA *erV 'seek, contest' (a possible Mong.-Turk. isogloss, on which see under *ī́re 'reach').Proto-Altaic: *ŋúpu ( ~ -o-)
Meaning: a k. of clamp
Russian meaning: вид зажима
Comments: An interesting common Altaic cultural term: as seen from the reflexes, it could denote a device that could snap around some object (a fish-trap, a clamp, a two-pronged rowlock etc.).
Proto-Altaic: *ŋurV
Meaning: young male
Russian meaning: молодой самец
Comments: SKE 177, EAS 107. A Western isogloss. See also *gúri .Proto-Altaic: *ŋŭ̀sí ( ~ -o-)
Meaning: heel
Russian meaning: пятка
Comments: The original meaning is probably preserved in Mongolian, with a specialization ('heel' > 'heel strap, ski strap') in TM, and a generalization ('heel' > 'back') in Japanese.
Proto-Altaic: *ŋūja
Meaning: to be able
Russian meaning: мочь
Comments: Cf. also potential forms in Mongolian languages: Ord. -ūn 'if it is possible to', Bur. -ūtaj 'going to'.
Proto-Altaic: *ŋū̀je
Meaning: long hair
Russian meaning: длинные волосы
Comments: Дыбо 10, Лексика 146, 423. In Jpn. *ua would be expected - which would yield OJ wo (therefore undistinguishable from *bua or *bǝ). Proto-Altaic: *ŋū́ju
Meaning: to sleep
Russian meaning: спать
Proto-Altaic: *ó
Meaning: this, that (deictic particle)
Russian meaning: этот,тот (дейктическая основа)
Comments: АПиПЯЯ 280. A Korean match (dubious) see in SKE 176.Proto-Altaic: *obri ( ~ -e)
Meaning: dawn
Russian meaning: белый, светлый; рассвет
Proto-Altaic: *óče
Meaning: late, evening
Russian meaning: поздний, вечер
Comments: Martin 234-235. Cf. TM: Nan. wasoana 'not long ago' (see ТМС 2, 295). Kor. ǝ- is probably a result of secondary assimilation ( < *ɨ̀čǝ́i or *ùčǝ́i).Proto-Altaic: *odi ( ~ -e)
Meaning: day, time
Russian meaning: день, время
Comments: KW 455, Владимирцов 153, Лексика 68-69. A Turk.-Mong. isogloss. Cf. also Mong. udaɣa, Mongor udā 'time' (MGCD 666). Nan. udur 'heat' may be borrowed < Mong.Proto-Altaic: *odi ( ~ -e)
Meaning: sexual passion
Russian meaning: сексуальное влечение
Comments: A Western isogloss.
Proto-Altaic: *ŏ̀ge
Meaning: lonely, orphan
Russian meaning: одинокий, сирота
Comments: Рясянен 1955, 106, TMN 2, 159-160. Proto-Altaic: *òje
Meaning: to swim
Russian meaning: плавать
Proto-Altaic: *ŏ̀je
Meaning: life, age
Russian meaning: жизнь, возраст
Comments: ОСНЯ 1, 242, Ozawa 65-66 (Mong.-Jpn.).Proto-Altaic: *ójle ( ~ -i)
Meaning: small fruit
Russian meaning: мелкий плод
Comments: Дыбо 10. Cf. Turkm. ülǯe 'cherry'; Kum., KBalk. ülkü 'bush, shrub', Bashk. ölköm id.? Despite Doerfer MT 81, Rozycki 217, TM cannot be < Mong. or vice versa. Cf. also *èrì , *ùjrV́ . {Cf. PE *ulaʁi(ʁ) 'apple berry'}Proto-Altaic: *oki
Meaning: to sing, recite
Russian meaning: петь, декламировать
Comments: Despite poor representation in TM, the root is well preserved elsewhere and appears to be well reconstructable for PA.
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