Altaic etymology : Query result

Proto-Altaic: *t`ànŋú

Meaning: to plunder

Russian meaning: грабить

Mongolian: *tonu-

Tungus-Manchu: *tanŋa-

Japanese: *tùmí

Comments: Cf. Turk. *Tan- 'deny, disclaim, be treacherous' (EDT 513-514).

Proto-Altaic: *t`ănŋV

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to count, recite

Russian meaning: считать, декламировать

Turkic: *tạnu-

Mongolian: *taŋna-

Tungus-Manchu: *taŋ-

Comments: Cf. also Kor. tǟ- 'to tell, indicate, confess' (SKE 249, EAS 120); MMong. ta'ul- (HY 40) 'to understand, distinguish' ( < *taŋul-).

Proto-Altaic: *t`aŋa

Meaning: a big number

Russian meaning: большое число, количество

Tungus-Manchu: *taŋgu

Japanese: *tamura

Comments: A Tung.-Jpn. isogloss. Somewhat dubious, because in Jpn. the root is confused with *tàmùruá 'plot, camp, encampment' (see *t`āma), while in TM the form may be derived < *taŋ- 'count' (see *t`ănŋV).

Proto-Altaic: *t`aŋgiri

Meaning: oath, God

Russian meaning: клятва, божество

Turkic: *teŋri / *taŋrɨ

Mongolian: *taŋgarag

Tungus-Manchu: *taŋgura-

Japanese: *tinkir-

Comments: An interesting common Altaic religious / juridical term. The proposed etymology presumes that the meaning 'sky' in Turkic is secondary ( < 'God'); if it is not the case, one could accept S. Georg's thesis about a loan in Turkic < Yenisseian *tɨŋgVr- 'high' (see Georg 2001) - although we must admit that other loans from Yenisseian are unknown to us.

Proto-Altaic: *t`aŋnà

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: shell, pearl

Russian meaning: раковина, жемчужина

Mongolian: *tana

Tungus-Manchu: *taŋa

Korean: *tàŋ'àrí

Japanese: *tàmà

Comments: In Jpn. the root has partially contaminated with *t`i̯àma 'round' q. v. (which may explain the accent disagreement with Kor.). In Turkic cf. Dolg. (Stachowski 216) tana 'alter, ausgetrockneter Rentierknochen': semantically most close to the Evk. word (see below), but -n- is strange for a loanword < Evk. taŋa.

Proto-Altaic: *t`ằŋu

Meaning: a k. of black bird

Russian meaning: вид черной птицы

Mongolian: *taɣu

Tungus-Manchu: *taŋu-

Japanese: *tùnkúm(u)í

Comments: One of common Altaic bird names.

Proto-Altaic: *t`ápV̀

Meaning: to trick, caper

Russian meaning: шалить, баловаться

Turkic: *Teb

Mongolian: *tebede-

Tungus-Manchu: *tabsa-

Japanese: *tápá-

Comments: The final vowel is not clear: Turk. points to *-i, but Jpn. - to *-a or *-o; otherwise quite regular.

Proto-Altaic: *t`áp`à

Meaning: to worship

Russian meaning: почитать

Turkic: *tap-

Mongolian: *taji-

Tungus-Manchu: *tap-

Japanese: *tápútuá-

Comments: KW 388, Владимирцов 271, Poppe 13, 42, 47, Дыбо 15 (the root is frequently confused with *t`ébo q. v.). Mong. is hardly < Turk., despite Щербак 1997, 153 and, despite Doerfer's (TMN 2, 433) attempts at criticism.

Proto-Altaic: *t`ằp`è

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to go through

Russian meaning: проходить сквозь, через

Turkic: *Top-

Mongolian: *tawul-

Tungus-Manchu: *tap

Japanese: *tǝ̀pǝ̀r-

Comments: Владимирцов 211, Poppe 47, Miller 1981, 854, Street 1985, 640, АПиПЯЯ 67. In Turk. *-ɨ- would be expected; perhaps *topul- is a result of secondary labialization < *tɨpul- (*tɨpol-).

Proto-Altaic: *t`ăp`o(rV)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: earth, dust

Russian meaning: земля, пыль

Turkic: *topra-k

Mongolian: *toɣur-

Tungus-Manchu: *tap-

Comments: Владимирцов 210. A Western isogloss. Mong. has a frequent secondary assimilative labialization (toɣur- < taɣur-). Cf. also OT (Suv.) (kir) tapča 'грязь'.

Proto-Altaic: *t`ằrba

Meaning: a k. of small animal

Russian meaning: вид мелкого животного

Turkic: *Tabɨrga

Mongolian: *tarbagan

Tungus-Manchu: *targa

Japanese: *tàtàkaí

Comments: The root must have denoted some small wild animal (marmot or racoon-like).

Proto-Altaic: *t`ari

Meaning: a k. of water bird

Russian meaning: вид водной птицы

Turkic: *tArakaj

Mongolian: *čirökej

Tungus-Manchu: *tarmī

Comments: A Western isogloss. Some Turkic forms may have been influenced by *torgaj 'lark' (q. v.).

Proto-Altaic: *t`aso

Meaning: wild, wild animal

Russian meaning: дикий, дикое животное

Turkic: *tosun

Mongolian: *tosi-

Tungus-Manchu: *tasaka

Comments: A Western isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *t`at`àk`V

Meaning: to hit, fight

Russian meaning: бить(ся), сражаться

Tungus-Manchu: *tatki-

Korean: *tằthó-

Japanese: *tatak-

Comments: Martin 231. An Eastern isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *t`ằt`e

Meaning: to reach, arrive at, stay at

Russian meaning: достигать, останавливаться

Tungus-Manchu: *tata-

Korean: *tàtằ-d-

Japanese: *tǝ̀ntùk-

Comments: Lee 1958, 107. An Eastern isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *t`at`V

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to cut, chop

Russian meaning: резать, рубить

Mongolian: *tata-

Tungus-Manchu: *tagdī-

Korean: *tàtắm-

Comments: The TM form can be compared with Mong. and Kor. if it is a contraction of a suffixed form *t`at`V-gV-. On a possible Japanese reflex see under *č`àro.

Proto-Altaic: *t`ā́bá

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: foot, footwear

Russian meaning: нога, обувь

Turkic: *dāpan

Mongolian: *tabag

Tungus-Manchu: *tabu-

Japanese: *tàmp(u)î

Comments: KW 385, Лексика 289. Cf. *t`op`u. The Turkic form is quite irregular - very probably a distortion of the expected *tāban under the influence of *dāp- 'to trample' q. v.

Proto-Altaic: *t`ā̀go

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: dirt (dust, clay)

Russian meaning: грязь (пыль, глина)

Turkic: *Tog

Tungus-Manchu: *tāksa

Comments: A Turk.-Tung. isogloss.

Proto-Altaic: *t`ā́ja

Meaning: to float, slide

Russian meaning: плавать, скользить

Turkic: *tāj-

Mongolian: *taji-tu-

Tungus-Manchu: *tia- (*taj-)

Japanese: *taju-

Comments: KW 389. Suffixed forms are perhaps Mong. tesi- 'slide', TM *tisa- 'swim' (ТМС 2, 188).

Proto-Altaic: *t`ā̀ki

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: log, rafter

Russian meaning: бревно, стропила

Turkic: *TEk-

Tungus-Manchu: *tākan

Korean: *thɨ́r

Japanese: *ti(n)kui ( ~ -ǝi)

Comments: Basically an Eastern isogloss: the Turkic parallels are late attested and somewhat dubious. A common Altaic derivative *t`ā̀ki-rV is reflected in PT *TEkir- (?), PK *thɨ́r and PJ *ti(n)ki-ri.